Envoy Textiles Limited has announced plans to invest Tk179.15 crore to expand its yarn production capacity, aiming to double output at its existing factory as the listed textile maker seeks to strengthen operations despite a recent dip in earnings.

The company, in a disclosure to the stock exchanges today (27 April), said the fresh investment would raise its open-end rotor spinning yarn production capacity from 25 tonnes per day to 50 tonnes per day at its current facility.

The decision was approved at a board meeting held yesterday (26 April) at the company's marketing office in Gulshan, where directors also endorsed the firm's financial results for the first nine months of the current fiscal year ending in March.

Kutubuddin Ahmed, chairman of Envoy Textiles, said the move to expand rotor spinning capacity was driven by supply constraints and rising demand for open-end yarn.

"Open-end yarn is produced through rotor spinning using waste from ring spinning mixed with virgin cotton," he said.

He added that the factory's daily requirement for open-end yarn stands at around 40-42 tonnes, of which 16-17 tonnes currently have to be sourced externally.

"However, long lead times remain a major challenge. When demand increases, availability becomes another issue, which in turn affects prices," he said. "Considering these challenges, the company has focused on new investments to expand its rotor spinning capacity."

Company Secretary M Saiful Islam Chowdhury said the project would require Tk179.15 crore, to be financed through a mix of debt and equity, with 70% from loans and the remaining 30% from equity issuance.

This translates into Tk125.40 crore in borrowing and Tk53.74 crore to be raised through equity.

"We are now in the stage of procuring machinery in Bangladesh," he said.

In a statement, he added that the expansion would feature state-of-the-art open-end rotor spinning facilities. "Based on projected operating efficiency and current cost and pricing assumptions, the project is expected to generate sufficient cash flows to service the seven-year term loan."

"It is expected to achieve a payback period of approximately 4.8 years, with an equity IRR of 27.8% and a project IRR of 14.8% over the 15-year project life," he added.

The company said the expansion would also help utilise recovered materials from existing processes and make use of underutilised capacity. The additional yarn output will be prioritised for in-house denim manufacturing to strengthen vertical integration and improve efficiency.

Earnings dip amid lower exports

Envoy's latest financial statements showed a decline in both revenue and profit, reflecting weaker export performance.

Revenue fell by 5.46% year-on-year to Tk1,291.28 crore during the July-March period, as cotton yarn exports dropped. Net profit after tax edged down by 2.27% to Tk98.81 crore, with earnings per share standing at Tk5.89.

In its statement, the company said, "During the third quarter ended March, revenue decreased by 5.46% due to decrease of export sale of cotton yarn as compared to the previous period."

However, it noted some improvement in margins due to lower input costs. "During this period, reduction of cost of raw materials, especially cotton and yarn cost, reduced by 4.19% and 3.03% respectively compared to the same period of the previous year. Resultantly, the gross profit and net profit on sales increased by 2.12% and 0.25% respectively."

The company also reported a significant rise in net operating cash flow per share to Tk16.85, attributing it to higher collections from sales and accounts receivable, alongside lower inventories and materials in transit.

Quarterly data showed that revenue declined in both the second and third quarters, although the company had recorded growth in the first quarter (July-September).

In the January-March quarter, revenue dropped 13% to Tk405 crore, while profit fell 37% to Tk25.84 crore, according to the statement.

Saiful said the third-quarter performance was affected by a higher number of holidays. "The quarter experienced a number of holidays due to the national elections and Eid vacations compared with the previous quarter," he said.

He added that the company had also made payments against several UPAS LCs during the period, which would help reduce costs in the following quarter.

Despite the recent dip, he said the company had already secured orders for the next three months and was not facing any issues with gas or other utility supplies.

Meanwhile, the board also approved the purchase of 50.37 decimal land adjacent to the company's factory in Bhaluka to support future expansion.

The company estimates the acquisition cost at around Tk8.09 crore, including registration and related expenses, and said the land would be used for extending factory operations in the future.

The committee reviewing the merger of investment agencies in Bangladesh has recommended a phased approach, beginning with the consolidation of the Bangladesh Investment Development Authority (Bida) and the Public–Private Partnership Authority (PPPA).

The issue was discussed at the second meeting of the committee formed to examine and recommend restructuring options, held on 22 April and chaired by Cabinet Secretary Nasimul Gani.

At present, six state bodies handle investment-related functions: Bida, PPPA, Bangladesh Economic Zones Authority (Beza), Bangladesh Export Processing Zones Authority (Bepza), Bangladesh Small and Cottage Industries Corporation (BSCIC), and Bangladesh Hi-Tech Park Authority (BHTPA).

The meeting participants opined against immediate merger of these organisations.

According to meeting sources, the committee suggested that since Bida and the PPPA are primarily responsible for investment promotion, they could be merged in the first phase of reform.

The effectiveness of this integration would then be assessed before considering further mergers involving Beza and the Hi-Tech Park Authority, the sources said. Subsequent phases may include a broader consolidation of remaining agencies, depending on outcomes and implementation performance.

The meeting also directed the preparation of a concept paper for the next session on how unused land under BSCIC could be utilised to attract foreign investment. Proposals were also discussed to reclassify economic zones under Beza as export-oriented industrial areas for both local and foreign investors.

In addition, the possibility of transferring management of certain zones to Bepza was discussed, alongside alignment of tax holidays and incentive structures for export-focused regions.

Senior officials from the Prime Minister's Office, Ministries of Public Administration, Industries, ICT Division and Legislative and Parliamentary Affairs Division, heads of relevant agencies attended the meeting. The third meeting is scheduled for 29 April, where further discussions will continue.

What experts say

Kiyoshi Adachi, legal officer at Division on Investment and Enterprise, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), said a merger of the six agencies would be a positive move.

"If a merger is implemented, it is essential to ensure that experts from diverse sectors are included – especially those familiar with both large-scale industrial operations and small enterprise ecosystems such as those in EPZs and API parks," he told The Business Standard.

He further explained that having a wide range of expertise within one unified agency would be crucial to effectively address the varied needs of different types of businesses.

Overall, he viewed the "One Umbrella" initiative positively, stating that it could improve coordination among investment-related agencies, provided that sector-specific expertise is properly represented.

However, Abul Kasem Khan, chairperson of BUILD, questioned the rationale behind restructuring existing effective institutions. For instance, he said Bangladesh's Export Processing Zones, managed by Bepza, have been highly successful and operate with strong administrative efficiency and investment performance.

"Why are we trying to dismantle a system that is already functioning well?" questioned Kasem, also former president of Dhaka Chamber of Commerce and Industry (DCCI).

He further said the justification for merger proposals remains unclear. "If the objective is to improve investment and ease of doing business, reforms must be based on clear and logical reasoning. But well-functioning institutions should be strengthened, not disrupted," he said.

He also warned that merging effective organisations could risk losing accumulated institutional knowledge and operational efficiency.

Abul Kashem said the proposal is still at a discussion stage. A third-party consultancy will conduct an assessment, after which recommendations will be submitted to the Prime Minister's Office. Final decisions will be taken following consultations with businesses and other stakeholders.

He also said private sector input is essential in policymaking, noting that practical experience can improve policy effectiveness. "The more views you gather, the more ideas you generate," he said.

The initiative to unify investment-related agencies under a single umbrella was originally conceived under the previous interim government to simplify investment procedures for domestic and foreign investors.

A proposal was also made at the time to establish a central Investment Promotion Agency (IPA), with a committee tasked with reviewing detailed integration options before final recommendations are made.

Earlier, on 14 March, proposals on merging investment promotion agencies and related reform plans were presented to the prime minister by Bida Executive Chairman Ashik Chowdhury.

Bida Executive Member and Head of Business Development Nahian Rahman Rochi told TBS that the merger plan is considered a "major enabler" within Bida's 180-day action roadmap.

Global oil price shocks are likely to affect Bangladesh’s economy mainly through higher inflation, a weaker exchange rate, and limited output losses, according to a study by the Centre for Policy Dialogue (CPD).

The study says that the overall impact will depend on the scale of global oil price increases, but the main transmission channels are expected to remain the same over the medium to long term. Rising energy costs are likely to feed into domestic prices, weaken the taka, and slightly slow economic growth.

By analysing different scenarios based on a 20 percent to 60 percent rise in global oil prices and using an econometric model, the CPD said losses in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) -- a measure of the value of goods and services produced in an economy -- would remain relatively contained, ranging between 0.21 percent and 0.53 percent.

In contrast, the inflationary impact could be far more pronounced, with price pressures rising from 0.6 percent in the first quarter to as high as 13.6 percent in the fifth year. This reflects the strong pass-through of fuel costs across Bangladesh’s supply chains, the CPD said in a paper presented at the fourth Bangladesh-China Renewable Energy Forum at Lakeshore Hotel in Dhaka yesterday.

The analysis shows that consumer prices, as measured by the Consumer Price Index (CPI), would rise across all scenarios -- mild, moderate, and severe -- with the impact becoming stronger over time.

In the short term, inflation is projected to increase by 0.60 percent, 1.11 percent, and 1.55 percent within the first quarter under the three respective scenarios. The pressure would continue to build, reaching 1.12 percent, 2.06 percent, and 2.87 percent after one year.

Over the longer term, the impact becomes much sharper. By the fifth year, inflation is expected to rise to 5.27 percent under mild shocks, 9.72 percent under moderate shocks, and as high as 13.57 percent under severe shocks.

At the same time, the Bangladeshi taka is projected to depreciate by between 0.56 percent and 4.5 percent under different scenarios, driven by higher fuel import bills and related balance-of-payments pressures.

The CPD warned that Bangladesh will continue to bear the burden of the ongoing energy shock for years, as structural vulnerabilities and accumulated costs will not disappear immediately even if global tensions ease.

Given the limited fiscal space, the think tank suggested that the government may need to scale down its budget estimates for the fiscal year 2026-2027 to accommodate rising energy-related expenditures.

It also cautioned that the crisis could further intensify the country’s debt burden. Increased government borrowing may crowd out private sector access to credit, tightening financial conditions across the economy.

To address these challenges, the CPD recommended accelerating the transition towards renewable energy while using domestic natural gas as a “transition fuel” to reduce dependence on imports.

Policy momentum appears to be building. The BNP government has recently announced a target to generate 10,000 megawatts (MW) of electricity from renewable sources by 2030 and has formed a committee to prepare the necessary roadmap.

The CPD urged the Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources to prepare a clear roadmap to achieve the 10,000 MW renewable energy target through both utility-scale and distributed systems.

The think tank said the target could unlock around $10 billion in investment. It also recommended reviving viable cancelled projects through transparent tendering to speed up implementation.

Times are bad for Bangladesh’s farmers. Right when they needed a steady diesel supply to irrigate vast swathes of cropland — Boro paddies, seasonal vegetables, maize — the world entered what the head of the International Energy Agency called “the biggest energy security threat in history.”

The fuel is in short supply. The government has just hiked its price by 15 percent. Many farmers are now fearing losses of both crops and investment. But not Afzal Hossain from Fulpukuria village in Gobindaganj of Gaibandha, who cultivated Boro paddy on six bighas this season and gets his water from a solar-powered pump.

“I am not really worried about irrigation,” he said. “My neighbours who rely on diesel or electric pumps are suffering due to the fuel crisis and load-shedding.”

Bangladesh requires over 40 lakh tonnes of diesel a year, with a large chunk of it going towards the running of more than 12 lakh irrigation pumps, according to data from the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and government agencies. Besides, there are more than 430,000 electric pumps that provide minor irrigation.

According to the Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE), the country currently has 754 diesel-powered deep tube wells, 10,39,337 shallow tube wells, and 1,84,384 low-lift pumps in operation.

While this reliance could be a devastating blow for many farmers, those using solar-powered pumps are enjoying immunity from the whole crisis.

In Rangpur Division, across five districts, 5,09,095 hectares of Boro paddy have been planted this year. Around 35 to 40 percent of cultivable land in the region depends entirely on diesel-powered shallow machines. The recent price hike has pushed service providers to raise charges for irrigation, harvesting, and maize threshing.

According to Hussain Mohammad Altaf, executive engineer at Rangpur office of the Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation (BADC), 596 solar-powered irrigation machines were active during the last irrigation season in the division.

“If each generates an average of 10 kilowatts, total output comes to 5.9 megawatts, enough to run 80,000 to 85,000 fans daily,” he said. Over a four-month irrigation season, those machines save approximately 75 lakh litres of diesel.

In Lalmonirhat, Atiar Rahman manages a solar-powered deep tube-well run by the BADC at Doani village of Hatibandha upazila, supplying water to around 15 bighas of maize and vegetable land.

“Even if diesel is unavailable or its price rises, farmers no longer have to worry,” he said, “because this irrigation machine runs on solar power.”

He added that the panels sit idle for eight months after the irrigation season ends, and that connecting surplus electricity to the national grid through net metering could benefit farmers, institutions, and the government alike.

Further into the char lands of Kurigram, farmer Meher Jamal of Char Paschim Bajra at Ulipur upazila said vast areas surrounded by the Teesta River once sat uncultivated because irrigation was out, but it meant increased costs and labour.

“For the last few years, many char lands are now being cultivated regularly because of irrigation facilities through solar power,” he said. “Land that once remained unused is now producing crops.”

Sudhan Chandra Sen, a farmer from Madhupur village at Kaunia upazila of Rangpur, said the difference is simple. “There is no worry about fuel. Electricity comes from solar power, and we get water. Crops are better, and costs are lower.”

He noted that while electricity is less reliable, as it often comes and goes, delaying irrigation, solar power is sustainable and consistent. “Water is always available.”

In Bogura, Abdul Hamid from Kachua village at Shibganj upazila cultivated Boro on five and a half bighas. He said solar-powered pumps have reduced both his costs and stress. “I planted Boro paddy after harvesting potatoes. So far, I haven’t had to worry about irrigation or the cost. I can pay the irrigation fees after harvesting the crop.”

Abu Hasan, another farmer from the same village, said crops under solar pumps yield better because the water supply is uninterrupted. “I face no water shortages. I have to pay Tk 1,500 per bigha for irrigation after the harvest.”

Beyond individual farms and government initiatives, private operators have built businesses around solar irrigation. Abu Jafar Sujan, regional manager of Salek Solar Power Limited, said his company runs 122 solar pumps across Bogura, Gaibandha, Meherpur, and Panchagarh districts.

“Each pump has a lifting capacity of 5 to 20 horsepower. Smaller pumps cover 30 to 40 bighas, while the larger ones irrigate up to 120 bighas of Boro land, he added.

Abu Bakkar Siddique, who looks after a 20-horsepower irrigation pump owned by Salek Solar in Kachua, said 100 bighas of Boro land were irrigated under this pump this year.

Nationally, the state-run renewable project financer Infrastructure Development Company Limited (Idcol) has funded the installation of approximately 1,523 solar pumps through six companies, covering around 15,000 hectares.

“There are 152 such pumps in Bogura, Sirajganj, Gaibandha, and Naogaon. However, some remain inactive due to various complexities and a lack of technical spare parts,” an official of the organisation said on condition of anonymity. “We plan to install 10,000 solar pumps across the country by 2030.”

The ADB, in a December 2023 report on scaling up solar irrigation pumps in Bangladesh, said irrigation costs in Bangladesh account for 43 percent of total agricultural costs.

It estimated that replacing diesel pumps with solar could displace consumption of 10 lakh tonnes of diesel annually, avoiding 30 lakh tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent each year.

But installation has slowed sharply. After peaking at 12.88 MWp in 2019, new installations had fallen to just 4.65 kWp by 2025, according to the state-owned Sustainable and Renewable Energy Development Authority (Sreda), responsible for increasing renewable energy production.

Rangpur BADC’s Altaf confirmed that no new solar irrigation projects have been launched in Rangpur division since 2022, and some existing pumps remain inactive due to technical problems and missing spare parts.

Mizanur Rahman, chief engineer (operation) of Northern Electricity Supply Company PLC (Nesco) in Rangpur, believes that if diesel-dependent irrigation can be quickly transformed into solar-powered irrigation, it would save foreign currency and reduce carbon emissions.

For climate-vulnerable Bangladesh, this could be an effective path toward sustainable agriculture, he added. “Most solar-powered irrigation machines are located in areas under the Rural Electrification Board. Therefore, implementation would be possible if the relevant authorities take initiatives to introduce net metering at those installations.”

Rights activists noted that solar projects are highly important for increasing agricultural production, ensuring food security, and modernising agriculture.

“Government and private initiatives should further expand solar-powered irrigation projects to improve the fortunes of marginal farmers,” said Shafiqul Islam, president of the Lalmonirhat district unit of Nodi Bachao Teesta Bachao Sangram Parishad.

After more than 35 years in commercial banking, I have seen a troubling pattern: persistently high non-performing loans, limited product innovation, weak risk management, a shortage of capable and transformational leadership, and undue interference by owner directors. Over time, these have become almost normal. They are compounded by uneven central bank supervision, outdated technology and limited institutional capacity to respond to shocks.

Meanwhile, global banking is changing rapidly. Technological advances, shifting customer expectations and new economic realities are reshaping how banks operate. Some institutions are struggling to keep up; others are moving ahead with stronger governance, modern systems and forward-looking strategies. This widening gap poses a pressing question: what will banking look like in the coming decade, and can our local banks remain competitive?

There are signs of progress. Several commercial banks in Bangladesh have begun centralising operations to improve efficiency and oversight. Effective centralisation brings large corporate and retail branches under unified control, strengthening governance while improving risk management and customer service. At the same time, the expansion of digital banking services is making transactions quicker, simpler and more accessible.

Banks are also placing greater emphasis on customer relationship management (CRM). Many have invested heavily in technology and staff training, and that effort is set to continue. Customers initially faced disruption, but many are now seeing the benefits. Banks are working to understand each client’s overall financial needs and to offer tailored solutions. Relationship managers (RMs) are being deployed to integrate corporate banking, foreign exchange and personal financial services, enabling clients to access a full range of services through a single point of contact.

Lending strategies are shifting as well. Banks increasingly recognise that heavy reliance on traditional instruments such as cash credit is unsustainable. The focus is moving towards mobilising low-cost deposits and boosting profitability through a more balanced mix of corporate and retail banking.

To support this transition, banks are investing in digital platforms, data analytics, artificial intelligence and blockchain. AI, including generative AI, is beginning to transform financial services by enabling personalised advice and sharper market insights. Robo-advisers, for example, can analyse market trends and customer behaviour to provide recommendations aligned with individual risk profiles.

AI is also improving efficiency. Chatbots now handle routine enquiries such as account balances or transaction histories, cutting waiting times and operating costs. More advanced tools can assess financial statements, support credit decisions, detect fraud in real time and streamline processes, including customer onboarding, loan approvals and regulatory reporting. These innovations enhance service quality while reducing administrative pressure.

The revenue model must evolve, too. A balanced bank should aim for an equal split between interest income and fee-based income. Leading institutions are placing greater weight on fee-based services such as corporate advisory, foreign exchange, structured finance and syndication, where risks are shared. This reduces dependence on traditional lending and strengthens balance sheet resilience.

Risk management will determine future success. To manage interest rate volatility, banks are prioritising short-term, low-cost deposits over long-term liabilities. At the same time, they must develop robust credit policies aligned with emerging investment trends and economic needs.

Ultimately, the future of banking will be shaped by technology, market forces and rising customer expectations. Banks can no longer confine themselves to deposit-taking and lending. They must expand into wealth management, integrate with fintech platforms and ensure secure, technology-driven transactions.

In an era defined by globalisation and rapid technological change, continuous transformation is essential for survival. Banks that fail to adapt will become irrelevant. The message is unmistakable: banking cannot continue the way it is.

Bangladesh Bank has appointed an administrator to Aviva Finance Limited to ensure uninterrupted operations of the non-bank financial institution.

According to an official order issued by the central bank yesterday, Hasan Tarek Khan, a director at the Financial Institutions and Markets Department of Bangladesh Bank, has been temporarily assigned as the administrator.

In his new role, he will exercise the powers and responsibilities of the managing director and chief executive officer of Aviva Finance Limited.

Khan will be relieved of his current duties at the end of the working day on April 27 to take up the new assignment, the order said, adding that the decision was approved by the competent authority.

Aviva Finance Limited, formerly Reliance Finance Limited, was rebranded in 2020 as a shariah-based non-bank financial institution. It offers a range of deposit and investment products, including specialised schemes such as Aviva Nafiha for women.

The central bank had earlier reconstituted the board of the institution following the political transition in August 2024, appointing an independent board to stabilise operations.

However, the company has been struggling due to the prolonged absence of a managing director and a high volume of non-performing loans, which have disrupted its normal business activities. Many customers have reportedly been unable to withdraw their funds, prompting occasional protests.

Allegations have also surfaced that a significant portion of loans was disbursed irregularly during the previous regime, including to entities linked to S Alam and PK Halder, making recovery difficult.

The company was renamed Aviva Finance after Halder’s departure, but it has yet to recover from its financial distress.

Stocks surged today (26 April), the first trading session of the week, as rising turnover and investor interest in select sector-specific shares lifted both indices and market activity.

DSEX, the broad index of the Dhaka Stock Exchange, advanced by 17.6 points to settle at 5,316 points as against 5,299 points in the previous trading session.

While DS30, the blue-chip index, surged 11 points to settle at 2,026 points and DSE's shariah index declined 1.44 points to 1,065 points, the DSE data showed.

Of the traded stocks, 157 scrips advanced, 172 or majority stocks price declined and 62 remained unchanged.

While the turnover soared by 11% to Tk982.42 crore, the data showed.

EBL Securities in its daily market commentary said the market began the week on a positive note, supported by selective accumulation in December-closing stocks on expectations of strong earnings, offsetting persistent concerns over momentum amid developments in Middle East ceasefire talks.

"Despite opening on a firm note, the market encountered sustained mid-session selling pressure; however, robust early buying support enabled indices to close in positive territory, while insurance stocks gained momentum on short-term, earnings-driven accumulation," it said.

On the sectoral front, General Insurance accounted for the highest share by 17.7% of turnover, followed by Engineering by 15.0% and Bank sector by 12.5% sectors.

Sectors mostly displayed mixed returns, out of which General Insurance, Life Insurance and Food exhibited the most positive returns.

Safko Spinning Mills topped the gainer chart as its shares price surged by 10%, the highest daily limit, to Tk19.8 each followed by Apex Tannery by 9.94% to Tk95.1 each, Purabi General Insurance by 9.84% to Tk27.9 each, Aziz Pipes by 9.82% to Tk55.9 each.

While on the losing side, International Leasing and Financial Services topped the loser list as its shares price declined by 8% to Tk2.3 each, followed by Peoples Leasing and Financial Services by 7.40% to Tk2.5 each, Regent Textile by 7.14% to Tk3.9 each, BD Finance by 6.45% to Tk11.6 each, and Rupali Bank by 6.18% to Tk18.2 each.

The port city bourse, CSE, also settled on a positive territory. The Selective Categories' Index (CSCX) and All Share Price Index (CASPI) declined by 35.4 points and 44.7 points, respectively.

The government’s development expenditure has fallen to its lowest level in at least five years in the first nine months of the current fiscal year 2025-26 (FY26).

Ministries and divisions spent only Tk 75,607 crore in the first nine months, just 36.19 percent of the total allocation under the Annual Development Programme (ADP), according to data released by the Implementation Monitoring and Evaluation Division (IMED) yesterday.

While broadly similar to the same period last year, the figure is significantly below the five-year average. In FY22, nine-month implementation stood at 45 percent, the highest in recent years.

The drop, both in terms of amount and execution rate, comes amid economic uncertainty and political transition midway through the fiscal year.

The situation is particularly acute in the health sector, which implemented only 21.6 percent of the July-March target, despite growing concerns about healthcare accessibility.

With only three months remaining, analysts say Bangladesh is likely to record another year of very low development budget implementation. This will likely impact revenue collection by the National Board of Revenue (NBR), which collects advance income tax and VAT from implementing authorities.

It may, however, help contain the budget deficit and limit government borrowing from the banking sector.

Development spending hit a historic low in FY25, with only 68 percent of the revised ADP implemented, the weakest performance since FY1976-77.

Execution this year may fall to around 60 percent, said Mohammad Lutfor Rahman, a professor of economics at Jahangirnagar University. Implementation rates typically rise in the fourth quarter, but the gains may not be enough to close the gap.

“The current pace of ADP implementation reflects both administrative hesitation and structural weaknesses in fiscal management,” he said.

Rahman attributed the slowdown to the country’s unusual administrative transition. Two governments were in office during the current fiscal year. Project officials under the interim government hesitated to spend allocated funds, fearing possible complications if a new government came in.

“Since it was not an elected government, there was less accountability. As a result, towards the end, the focus shifted mainly to elections, and development spending did not get due attention,” Rahman observed.

Officials at the planning ministry earlier said last year’s disruption followed the fall of the Awami League government in a mass uprising, which prompted many project directors to abandon their posts. The revised ADP for the current fiscal year totals Tk 208,935 crore.

Rahman cautioned that the shortfall would have wider economic implications.

“Most ADP projects are infrastructure-based, so delays affect people directly. Employment, especially for daily wage workers at the grassroots level, is also hit due to reduced project activity, creating a multiplier effect on the economy,” he said.

Ashikur Rahman, principal economist at the Policy Research Institute of Bangladesh (PRI), said overall ADP implementation is likely to remain subdued in the current fiscal year.

“Like last year, there were many disruptions in the current fiscal year, including the national election, political transition, as well as global turmoil,” he said, adding that these factors collectively slowed down development spending.

In line with Rahman, he also estimated that total implementation may ultimately stand at around 60-65 percent.

He cautioned about the broader fiscal implications of lower public expenditure. “Due to this lower government expenditure, revenue collection will also be affected.”

BRAC Bank posted a record consolidated profit of Tk2,250.94 crore in 2025 – the highest in its history – marking a staggering 57% year-on-year growth over the previous year.

With this profit, BRAC Bank became the first local private sector lender to surpass Tk2,000 crore in profit.

Riding on the profit growth, the private sector lender also increased its dividend payout, recommending a 30% dividend comprising 15% cash and 15% stock for its shareholders.

The lender approved the annual financial statements and dividend for shareholders at a board of directors meeting held this evening (26 April).

While on the standalone basis, net profit of BRAC Bank rose to Tk1,581 crore, marking a 30% increase from Tk1,214 crore in the previous year.

In 2024, BRAC Bank made a consolidated profit of Tk1,431.84 crore, registering 73% growth over 2023, and it had paid a 25% dividend – 12.50% cash and 12.50% stock dividend to its shareholders.

It called the board of directors meeting on 11 June through the digital platform, and to identify its shareholders, the record date has been fixed on 17 May.

The net asset value per share on the consolidated basis increased to Tk51.56 crore, up from Tk39.38 in the previous year.

Commenting on 2025 financials, Tareq Refat Ullah Khan, managing director and CEO of BRAC Bank said, "As a values-driven institution, BRAC Bank upholds strong governance and sound fundamentals regardless of market conditions. This disciplined approach has enabled consistent financial performance over the years, with profitability emerging as a natural outcome."

He said, This performance in 2025 reflects sustained customer trust, disciplined governance, and prudent portfolio management, despite a challenging operating environment. Our continued investment in digital platforms and customer-centric innovation has further strengthened revenue growth and market reach.

He also said, robust underwriting standards and vigilant risk monitoring have preserved asset quality, keeping non-performing loans among the lowest in the industry. Consistent delivery over the years has reinforced BRAC Bank's standing as a benchmark for governance, compliance, and values-driven banking in Bangladesh.

"Notably, a significant share of the Bank's profit goes to BRAC, the world's largest NGO, which channels these funds into impactful social initiatives – thereby reinforcing the bank's contribution to socio-economic development of Bangladesh," he said.

There are serious lapses in policies aimed at expanding the tax net, resulting in persistently low revenue collection and a weak tax-GDP ratio over many years. Numerous ad hoc measures have been introduced, but outcomes have fallen short of expectations. A striking example is the limited and ineffective taxation of medium and small business houses, traders and business establishments, excluding large corporates. Together, these may be termed SMEs.

Lack of transparency and accountability, weak financial reporting, inefficient tax administration and widespread corruption are the principal causes. Over the past two decades, the trade sector in metropolitan cities, district towns, upazilas and growth centres has expanded significantly. Per capita income has also risen, visible in improved living standards, especially outside major cities. Yet these trends are not reflected in tax collections.

Most SMEs do not maintain proper accounts or ensure transparent reporting. Taxes are often based on fixed sums or manipulated accounts, and the amounts paid are negligible. In many cases, liabilities are determined through informal negotiations between taxpayers and officials, sometimes facilitated by unethical consultants.

The question, then, is how to break this cycle in both the short and long term. There appears to be little research or structured policy work on this issue. Although there are four categories of return forms in the current system, there is no prescribed form tailored specifically to SMEs.

An SME tax return form should be distinct, incorporating key information such as annual turnover; purchases from recognised supply chains, producers and distributors; rental expenses; salaries and wages; electricity bills; city corporation and municipal taxes; total floor area of business premises, including warehouses; bank statements; and VAT returns where applicable. The status and lifestyle of owners and their family members are also relevant. Assets and properties declared in individual tax returns should be cross-checked against SME disclosures. A proper analysis of such data would provide a clear picture of business scale and performance.

As an initial step, where annual income exceeds a threshold, say Tk 1 crore, accounts, except for limited companies, should be prepared with the support and attestation of qualified accounting experts, not necessarily chartered accountants. In line with global practice, the Financial Reporting Council (FRC) and the National Board of Revenue (NBR) could determine eligible qualifications, including part-qualified CAs, CMAs and ACCAs. This would improve the quality of financial reporting among SMEs and strengthen revenue collection.

Based on these enhanced returns, income tax should be assessed using progressive slabs. Where reliable accounts are absent, minimum tax may be determined using objective indicators such as electricity consumption, a proportion of salaries and wages, recorded purchases and other reasonable yardsticks. Introduced initially as a pilot, this system could be refined and expanded over time. Digitalisation of accounting records is no longer costly. Many SMEs already use software to record transactions, yet such data often remain undisclosed when tax liabilities are assessed.

Some may argue that revenue from SMEs would not significantly affect overall collections compared with large corporates. However, beyond immediate revenue gains, a broader cultural shift is needed. Public apathy towards tax compliance must change.

No society or economy can develop without transparency, accountability and proper disclosure of business results, alongside meaningful participation by financially solvent citizens. Curbing corruption, if not eliminating it, must also be a priority. These reforms are essential if Bangladesh is to confront mounting economic challenges at a time when the global economy faces prolonged uncertainty.

Dominage Steel Building Systems (DSBSL) has decided to sell 30 percent of its shares to a buyer group led by Akij Resources.

DSBSL board approved the transfer of 3.07 crore shares at a negotiated price through an off-market transaction at its meeting on April 25.

A sale agreement will be executed with the buyers -- Akij Resources, Sheikh Jasim Uddin, and Faria Hossain -- pending approval from the Bangladesh Securities and Exchange Commission (BSEC), according to a disclosure issued on the Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) website yesterday.

Upon receiving BSEC clearance, a new board of directors will assume management and operations of DSBSL.

The existing board said the acquisition would help the company fully resume and optimise production, citing recent operational challenges.

It added that the synergy with Akij’s existing steel infrastructure would create long-term value for shareholders.

Akij Resources holds a significant presence in the steel and construction sectors through its subsidiaries. Officially established in April 2020, it builds on the heritage of the Akij Group, one of Bangladesh’s largest conglomerates.

DSBSL, established in 2007 as a private limited company, manufactures pre-engineered steel buildings.

The company operates two factories, at Fulbaria, Palash, Narsingdi and at Aukpara, Ashulia, Savar, with a combined monthly production capacity of 550 tonnes. It sources raw materials from manufacturers in Japan, China, and Taiwan.

As of March 31, 2026, sponsors and directors held 30.20 percent of shares, the public held 61.44 percent, and the rest were held by institutions and foreign investors.

The US central bank is widely expected to keep interest rates unchanged at its policy meeting next week, as energy prices stay high and supply chains snarled due to war in the Middle East.

The Federal Reserve’s two-day meeting, starting Tuesday, could be chairman Jerome Powell’s last at the helm of the independent institution.

But it takes place against a tricky backdrop. Powell’s successor has faced a bumpy road to confirmation, while policymakers battle competing pressures as steeper fuel prices drive inflation and job market worries linger.

Fed officials are set to keep rates steady at a range between 3.50 percent and 3.75 percent, extending their pause since the start of the year.

“We still have a very high level of uncertainty on what’s happening in the Middle East,” KPMG senior economist Kenneth Kim told AFP.

Oil and gasoline prices remain elevated even if they have peaked, meaning “there’s certainly an energy shock that’s still impacting both consumers and businesses,” he said.

The Fed has a dual mandate of maintaining price stability and low unemployment.

It tends to keep interest rates high to curb inflation or lower them to spur growth, meaning that current conditions pull officials in different directions.

Navy Federal Credit Union Chief Economist Heather Long expects Powell to be “non-committal” on the path of rates, as the full impact from the war on Iran remains unknown.

The oil price hikes came after US-Israeli strikes targeting Iran from February 28 sparked Tehran’s retaliation in virtually closing the Strait of Hormuz -- a key waterway for energy transit.

CONTAINING INFLATION

Fed officials will likely focus more on containing inflation than the jobs market this meeting, with the war entering its ninth week.

The strait is also a key passage for fertilizers, and disruptions threaten to hit food production.

Already, US consumer inflation reached its highest level in nearly two years in March at 3.3 percent as energy costs rocketed.

Fed Governor Christopher Waller, who earlier backed lower rates to support employment, indicated this month that a prolonged conflict could make it hard for the central bank to cut rates this year.

If there were high inflation and a weak labor market, one would have to balance risks on both sides.

This “may mean maintaining the policy rate at the current target range if the risks to inflation outweigh those to the labor market,” he told an Alabama event.

KPMG’s Kim said solid hiring recently “gives the Fed some cushion” to temporarily focus more on prices.

Analysts will monitor if the Fed signals in its post-meeting statement that rate hikes are a possibility.

‘CRITICAL JUNCTURE’

The Fed is also taking its next steps under intense political scrutiny.

President Donald Trump has made no secret of his wish for lower interest rates, and regularly slammed Powell for not cutting them aggressively.

Beyond rhetoric, Trump has sought to oust Fed Governor Lisa Cook over claims of mortgage fraud. The Supreme Court is set to rule on whether he can fire her.

Meanwhile, Trump’s choice of new Fed chairman -- Kevin Warsh -- has faced a bumpy road to confirmation.

Republican senator Thom Tillis on the Senate Banking Committee vowed to block Fed appointments until a Justice Department probe into the Fed and Powell is resolved, setting up a potential impasse on the panel Warsh needs to clear.

But the Department of Justice said Friday it would drop the investigation linked to renovation costs overruns, potentially paving the way for Warsh’s ascendance.

Asked by journalists Saturday about the DOJ’s move, Trump said he still wants to look into the cost of the Federal Reserve building renovations, which he has claimed is too high.

“I tell you, I want to find out. I have an obligation to find out,” he said.

Warsh has repeatedly pledged to remain independent if confirmed.

“We’re at a critical juncture for the Fed,” EY-Parthenon chief economist Gregory Daco told AFP.

“It may be that under Warsh, we’re going to see less Fed transparency, less Fed communication than we had in the past,” he said, referring to Warsh’s confirmation hearing testimony.

Powell’s chairman term expires May 15, and he originally intended to stay on the Fed’s board of governors until the probe on him is completed.

All eyes are on his future plans at his scheduled press briefing Wednesday.

A quiet but fast-moving shift is underway on Bangladesh's roads as electric bikes and e-scooters emerge as a new growth industry, drawing over Tk2,000 crore in fresh investments and rapidly rising consumer demand.

What began as a niche market just a few years ago is now drawing significant investment from some of the country's largest conglomerates, including Nasir Group, Walton, PRAN-RFL Group, Runner Automobiles and Akij Group.

Driven by high fuel prices, rising urban living costs, traffic congestion and growing demand for cleaner transport, e-bikes are increasingly becoming a practical choice for commuters and a serious business opportunity for manufacturers.

Industry insiders estimate that at least five major companies made fresh investments in the sector over the past year alone, with ongoing commitments exceeding Tk2,000 crore.

At the same time, imports have surged sharply, highlighting how rapidly consumer demand is building. Just three years ago, monthly e-bike sales in Bangladesh were negligible, hovering around 100 units. Today, monthly sales have climbed into the thousands.

National Board of Revenue data show imports of e-bikes quadrupled within three years. Imports rose from 2,446 units in FY23 to 10,053 units in FY25. However, industry players say the actual market is significantly larger.

Subail bin Alam, chief operating officer of Nasir Syntax Motors Ltd, said NBR import data do not fully capture the market because a large volume of CKD kits entered Bangladesh in 2025 and many of those shipments are not reflected in the headline numbers.

"If those are added, the actual figure would be several times higher, with hundreds of e-bikes now being sold every day," he added.

He said the market received a major boost after the government reduced taxes on imported electric two-wheelers and parts in 2024. Currently, completely built-up unit imports face 98.87% tax, while CKD imports are taxed at around 37%, making local assembly increasingly attractive. For fuel-based motorcycles, the rates are 125% and 90%, respectively.

This shift has encouraged multiple firms to enter the market or expand operations.

Subail added that while fuel-based motorcycles cost around Tk3-4 per kilometre to operate, e-bikes cost only 30-40 paisa per kilometre, making them highly cost-effective for daily users.

"A battery costing Tk30,000-35,000 can last around three years. Over the same period, maintenance costs for petrol bikes are much higher. That is why consumers are turning to e-bikes as an alternative."

Major players scale up investments

Among the newest major entrants is Nasir Group, which has already invested Tk300 crore in the sector.

The company launched five models in November 2025, two with graphene batteries and three with lithium batteries, and has already built showrooms in 40 districts as part of an aggressive expansion strategy.

Subail said Nasir Syntax Motors initially began producing around 70 bikes per day, but has built a factory with the capacity to scale several times higher depending on demand.

"Our target is to invest Tk500 crore in EVs," he said.

PRAN-RFL Group has also entered the race with its RYDO e-scooter brand. The company has invested around Tk200 crore, with production beginning in January this year at its Habiganj facility.

The plant currently produces around 500 units per month, with plans to scale up to 3,000 units monthly at full capacity.

RN Paul, managing director of RFL Group, said current duty structures remain a challenge because they raise retail prices.

He said the company is engaging with policymakers and aims to bring e-scooters to market at around Tk50,000 by 2027, subject to stronger policy support.

Walton, one of Bangladesh's largest electronics manufacturers, has already established an early lead. The company launched the country's first locally produced e-bike under the Takyon brand in 2022 and currently commands around 18% market share.

Its manufacturing ecosystem already includes assembly lines, plastic moulding, PCB SMT production for digital systems and battery management systems, as well as battery manufacturing facilities.

Touhidur Rahman Rad, chief business officer of Walton Digi-Tech Industries Ltd, said Walton plans a dedicated 1,20,000-square-foot e-bike factory with an annual production capacity of 20,000 units.

The project is expected to generate more than 1,500 jobs with an investment running into several hundred crore taka.

He said e-bikes can reduce household transport fuel costs by as much as 80%, allowing families to recover the cost of ownership within a relatively short period.

Runner, Akij intensify competition

Runner Automobiles, a long-established player in Bangladesh's motorcycle market, has also accelerated its EV strategy.

After entering motorcycle manufacturing in 2012 with over Tk500 crore in phased investment, Runner began assembling e-scooters in 2025 in partnership with China's Yadea.

It had already launched e-bikes under the eWave brand several years earlier.

Priced between Tk70,000 and Tk100,000, Runner's e-bikes have gained a strong foothold.

Runner Automobiles Chairman Hafizur Rahman said the company plans to move from assembly to full manufacturing at its Bhaluka factory in Mymensingh.

Meanwhile, Akij Motors entered the e-bike segment between 2020 and 2022 and now assembles seven models at its Gazipur facility.

The company is focusing on the premium segment, with most models priced above Tk1,00,000.

An Akij official said customer preferences are shifting towards better performance, durability and higher-quality vehicles.

Why consumers are switching

A petrol-powered motorcycle typically costs Tk2-3 per kilometre in fuel. An e-bike costs only Tk0.30-0.40 per kilometre.

There is no engine oil, lower servicing costs, and monthly charging expenses can be as low as Tk300-500.

Nawshad Alam, an HR official at BRAC Bank, recently bought a Jiho A8 SE electric scooter for Tk2,20,000.

The lithium-powered scooter can travel 105–110 kilometres on a full charge.

"I bought an e-bike to avoid the hassle of fuel," he said.

"I no longer need to stand in petrol pump queues. I charge it at home. There is almost no fuel or servicing cost, and the company gave a three-year warranty."

He added that premium models are expensive, but entry-level bikes begin at around Tk50,000.

Md Mahmudur Rahman, general manager of RFL E-bike, said young professionals, especially women, are increasingly adopting e-bikes.

Their controlled speed makes them appear safer to many families, helping transform them from transport tools into lifestyle products.

He said countries such as India, China and Vietnam demonstrate the long-term potential of electric mobility.

Even families that already own cars or motorcycles are buying e-scooters for short urban trips because of their affordability and convenience, he added.

Md Matiur Rahman of Transsion Holdings said rising fuel prices and worsening congestion are steadily pushing consumers away from conventional motorcycles.

Import dependency

Despite growing local assembly, Bangladesh remains heavily reliant on imports.

Most units arrive fully built from China, while another 20-30% come in as SKD or CKD kits for local assembly. Foreign brands still dominate parts of the market.

Revoo, imported by Transsion Holdings since 2022, controls around 20% market share, offering high-performance models with ranges of up to 80 kilometres, swappable lithium batteries and NFC smart unlocking.

Chinese brands such as TailG, Salida, AIMA and Exploit also maintain strong positions.

Charging, registration still major barriers

Industry leaders say the sector's biggest growth constraints are inadequate charging infrastructure and cumbersome registration processes.

Bangladesh currently has only 112 public charging stations, concentrated in Dhaka and Chattogram, creating severe range anxiety outside major cities.

Subail of Nasir Syntax Motors said a rider who leaves home with a partial charge has few options if the battery runs out mid-journey.

"Fuel stations exist everywhere, but charging stations do not. The government still has no clear policy framework. This is a major barrier for EV adoption," he said.

Walton's Touhidur Rahman said demand is currently stronger in Khulna and Chattogram than in Dhaka in some cases, partly due to road-use patterns and infrastructure realities.

He said rapid expansion of fast-charging and battery-swapping stations would dramatically accelerate growth.

Md Moshiuzzan, director of corporate affairs at Nasir Syntax Motors, said e-bike registration costs range from Tk8,000 to Tk12,000.

He added that no dedicated BRTA desk exists for e-bike registration, forcing many buyers into lengthy procedures and leaving many vehicles unregistered.

Bangladesh's motorcycle market is now worth an estimated Tk7,000-8,000 crore, expanding at 16-17% annually.

Nearly 99% of motorcycles sold locally are now manufactured or assembled in Bangladesh, a transformation driven by supportive industrial policies.

If registration systems are simplified, charging infrastructure expanded and tax policies remain supportive, Bangladesh's e-bike market may soon become the next major success story in domestic manufacturing and urban mobility, stakeholders say.

Bangladesh's economy last week revolved around energy-related costs straining public finances, a halt in fertiliser production due to gas shortages, and fresh burdens on trade from rising container depot charges.

The week was also marked by a revenue collection shortfall heading into the fiscal year-end, and pushback from the garment industry against US allegations of forced labour and overcapacity.

The following is a recap of those major stories as covered by Star Business.

$2 billion out of pocket as energy costs surge, says finance minister (April 19)

Bangladesh has incurred nearly $2 billion in additional energy costs owing to global supply chain disruptions, Finance Minister Amir Khosru Mahmud Chowdhury said while addressing an event in Washington. He called for urgent budget support to ease fiscal pressure and shore up weakened banks.

Gas shortage brings DAP fertiliser production to a halt (April 20)

Production at the state-owned DAP Fertilizer Company Limited in Chattogram ground to a halt after an acute ammonia shortage, itself a consequence of the prolonged closure of five urea factories, including CUFL and Kafco, disrupted by gas supply problems tied to geopolitical tensions in the Middle East.

ICDs raise charges, a day after fuel price hike (April 21)

Private inland container depots hiked handling charges by 8.5 percent, just one day after diesel prices climbed 15 percent. Exporters immediately protested the move, warning it would raise trade costs and further weaken Bangladesh's competitiveness in global markets.

Missed targets: NBR needs Tk 2.6 lakh crore by June to avoid shortfall (April 22)

The National Board of Revenue faces a Tk 2.6 lakh crore collection target in the final quarter of FY26 after falling nearly Tk 1 lakh crore short of its nine-month goal. Analysts pointed to slowing GDP and elevated energy costs as the chief obstacles to closing the gap.

No overcapacity, forced labour in apparel sector (April 23)

The BGMEA firmly rejected US allegations of forced labour and overcapacity in Bangladesh's garment sector. In a formal position paper, the association said that its exports support rather than undercut the US economy, and that the industry operates in full compliance with internationally recognised labour standards.

Oil climbed on Monday (27 April) as stalled US-Iran peace talks prolonged the disruption of Middle East energy exports, while renewed excitement about artificial intelligence spending drove up chip stocks ‌at the beginning of a week where war, central banks and tech earnings are in focus.

Benchmark Brent crude futures rose around 2% to touch a three-week high of $107.97 a barrel in Asia trade, a level that has stoked inflation worries and prompted traders to all but price out rate cuts in developed markets this year.

S&P 500 futures wobbled in the Asia session but tacked on small gains of around 0.2% after markets in Taiwan, Tokyo and Seoul followed Wall Street to notch record highs on a new wave of AI optimism.

Currency trading was broadly steady, with the euro at $1.1724 and the yen at 159.32 per dollar.

Bond ⁠markets were calm ahead of central bank meetings in Japan, the US, Britain, Europe, Canada and a smattering of emerging markets.

While a ceasefire has frozen most fighting in the war, starting with US-Israeli strikes on Iran two months ago, markets are focused on the shuttered Strait of Hormuz, where barely any ships carrying oil and gas have transited.

The average LNG price for June delivery into northeast Asia was $16.70 per million British thermal units last week, nearly 61% above pre-war levels.

Goldman Sachs analysts lifted year-end oil price forecasts sharply from $80 to $90 a barrel for Brent, and even that rests on normalisation of Gulf exports by the end of June.

"Non-linear price increases are likely if inventories drop to critically low levels, which we have not seen in the last few decades," they warned in a note.

US President Donald Trump cancelled a trip to Islamabad by US envoys for talks on the weekend, but investors were buoyed slightly by an Axios report saying Iran wants to make a deal ‌on opening ⁠the strait first and postpone nuclear talks until later.

Rates and hyperscalers earnings

Beyond oil derivatives and the even more stretched physical market where jet fuel fetches $185 a barrel in Singapore, equity investors have hoped for a breakthrough and tried to look past the oil shock to an AI trend that is seen as unstoppable.

"AI is something that people are very optimistic about and very much considered a winner," said Mike Seidenberg, senior portfolio manager for Allianz Technology Trust.

"It's the top of the portfolio."

Intel's forecast for second-quarter revenue above Wall Street ⁠expectations last week set off the latest round of buying that has pushed the total value of the chip-maker-heavy stock markets in Taiwan and South Korea above Germany's.

US tech earnings headline the week ahead, with 44% of the S&P 500 by market cap due to report and the focus on capex at Microsoft, Alphabet, Amazon and Meta Platforms, which report ⁠on Wednesday. Apple reports on Thursday.

Major central banks are expected to stay on hold this week, though aggressive bets on future rate hikes in Britain and Europe could be tested if policymakers strike a cautious tone.

The Bank of Japan is the first off the rank and is expected to keep its short-term policy rate steady at ⁠0.75% on Tuesday.

The Federal Reserve is also expected to leave rates where they are at what is likely to be Jerome Powell's final meeting in the chair.

The European Central Bank and Bank of England are likewise expected to hold, but their tone and outlook could challenge market pricing for both banks to make two 25-basis-point hikes later in the year.

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) supplies are likely to remain strained through the end of 2027 due to disruptions and infrastructure damage from the US-Iran war, the International Energy Agency said Friday.

Energy prices have soared since Tehran effectively closed the Strait of Hormuz to Gulf tanker traffic and began striking oil and gas targets in neighbouring countries in retaliation for US and Israeli attacks.

“The combined effect of short-term supply losses and slower capacity growth could result in a cumulative loss of around 120 billion cubic metres of LNG supply between 2026 and 2030,” the Paris-based agency said in a new report.

It said nearly 20 percent of LNG supply has been lost due to the conflict, and warned that new investments to increase production are likely to be delayed.

“While new liquefaction projects in other regions are expected to offset these losses over time, the impact will prolong tight markets through 2026 and 2027,” it said.

Soaring prices could also depress demand for gas, with many countries already announcing energy-saving measures that could drive demand for renewable energy sources.

“The demand side is set to play a key role in balancing the market -- particularly in Asia, where fuel switching is already picking up alongside energy-saving measures,” the IEA said.

Economists warn that persistently high prices could spark widespread inflation that could derail growth worldwide if consumers curtail spending in response.

More than a decade after Bangladesh and China announced a Chinese Economic and Industrial Zone in Anwara upazila of Chattogram, the project remains largely on paper with no visible construction.

The Bangladesh Economic Zones Authority (Beza), which is overseeing the project, says the zone could attract $1.5 billion in investment and create more than 200,000 jobs. However, there are still no firm commitments, signed land-lease agreements, or confirmed factory setups.

Of the nearly 784 acres allocated in Anwara, only about 60 acres have been prepared, and not a single factory has been established.

Basic infrastructure on the ground is still incomplete, with utility services only partly in place. The Chattogram Water Supply and Sewerage Authority has installed a limited water supply pipeline, while the Karnaphuli Gas Distribution Company has set up a nearby gas station.

Beza has also built an administrative building and two access roads.

This reflects a broader pattern in Bangladesh’s investment landscape, where large pledges do not always translate into actual inflows. Chinese foreign direct investment also remains modest, with only a small share of announced amounts materialising.

HOW THE PROJECT BEGAN

The project dates back to June 2014, when, during a visit to China, former prime minister Sheikh Hasina proposed an exclusive economic zone for Chinese investors. Beza pursued the plan and signed an agreement with China’s commerce ministry during the visit.

The Executive Committee of the National Economic Council approved the project in September 2015 and allocated Tk 420.37 crore for the first phase, with China expected to provide a loan to fund it.

Beza later acquired land in Anwara, about 270 kilometres south of Dhaka, for the zone.

In October 2016, Beza signed a contract with China Harbour Engineering Company Limited, but the development and land-lease agreements could not be finalised, and the deal collapsed in April 2022.

Later, on July 16, 2022, China nominated the China Road and Bridge Corporation (CRBC) as the new developer. Beza signed cooperation and investment terms with CRBC later that year and finalised the shareholder agreement in October 2023.

Progress remained slow under the Awami League government. After the political change in August 2024, the interim government renewed efforts to move the project forward, but there has still been no progress on the ground.

This is happening despite stronger Dhaka-Beijing ties and rising US tariffs that are encouraging Chinese manufacturers to consider relocating factories.

Beza sources said some Chinese manufacturers visited the site last year, and around 200 investors are expected to participate in the zone, suggesting the project still has strong potential if long-standing delays are resolved.

BEZA EXPLAINS DELAYS IN NEGOTIATIONS

“Progress on the proposed Chinese economic zone has been slow due to unresolved contractual and commercial issues,” said Mohammad Zakaria Mithu, director (MIS and research) at Beza.

He said that although land acquisition is complete, no formal agreement has been signed with the Chinese side, and negotiations on the engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) contract are still ongoing.

“The development agreement, which is needed to start physical work, depends on finalising the EPC contract,” he added.

Mithu also said disagreements over cost valuation under the Chinese loan framework remain a key obstacle, with both sides yet to align their expectations.

He attributed the delays mainly to prolonged negotiations and pending approvals, while a multi-ministry committee is working to resolve the issues.

Mithu added that once the EPC contract is finalised, further steps such as the development agreement, company registration and formal approval can proceed, enabling implementation.

He also said Chinese investment is expected in sectors including textile manufacturing, electronics assembly, renewable energy (solar), light engineering and agribusiness.

Meanwhile, Ashik Chowdhury, executive chairman of Beza, has outlined a 180-day roadmap to complete negotiations for the long-stalled project.

He said that although part of the land is ready, progress has been delayed due to unresolved commercial issues between the government and Chinese private partners.

“These disputes have delayed the signing of key land-lease and development agreements,” he added.

Chowdhury said the immediate focus is to resolve technical cost issues and complete administrative procedures so that groundwork can begin within six months.

He added that the goal is to shift the project from prolonged negotiations to actual industrial development.

India has ramped up purchases of Russian oil and revived alternate supplies from Africa, Iran and Venezuela to blunt a sharp crude shortfall from the crisis-ridden Middle East, analysts say.

India, the world’s third-largest oil buyer, normally sources about half of its crude through the Strait of Hormuz, a vital waterway that has seen only a trickle of traffic since the United States and Israel launched attacks on Iran on February 28.

India’s heavy import dependence, combined with modest oil reserves compared with major consumers like China, has prompted analysts to warn that India could be among the most vulnerable to a sudden oil price hike.

But while India is grappling with disruptions to cooking gas supplies, it has so far avoided the petrol shortages that have hit some neighbouring nations.

Ship‑tracking and import data show that India has partially plugged the gap by turning to old allies, expanding promising ties and reviving suppliers it had not tapped in years.

The biggest backstop has been Russian crude -- a fuel source New Delhi spent much of the past year trying to pivot away from under stiff US tariffs.

Indian refiners imported an average of nearly 1.98 million barrels per day (bpd) from Russia in March, according to trade intelligence firm Kpler -- a sharp jump from the previous two months.

Analysts say the surge was likely aided by a temporary US waiver granted in March covering Russian oil already at sea.

“Imports rose from approximately one million bpd in January and February,” said Nikhil Dubey, an analyst at Kpler.

“This near‑doubling suggests that this additional volume was likely contracted following the sanction waiver,” he told AFP.

USEFUL PURCHASE

India likely purchased an additional 60 million barrels of Russian oil that will be delivered through April, two trade analysts said.

Washington’s exemptions have drawn criticism from Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky, who says they complicate efforts to choke off Russia’s revenues more than four years into its full-scale invasion of Ukraine.

But Kyiv gained little leverage after US President Donald Trump last week extended the waiver on Russian seaborne oil by another month.

“The extension gives Indian refiners the runway they urgently needed,” said Rahul Choudhary, vice‑president at Rystad Energy.

“Indian refiners will likely move quickly to lock in the additional barrels the extension unlocks before the May 16 deadline.”

Other markets have also aided India.

Imports from Angola averaged 327,000 bpd in March, data from Kpler shows, nearly three times what India received in February.

Industry watchers say African crude purchases were made before the United States struck Iran and have proven to be useful.

“A lot of the uptick you’re seeing from Angola in March or Nigeria in April comes because we were (already) looking at sources other than Russia,” an official at a state‑run refiner told AFP, requesting anonymity because they were not authorised to speak with journalists.

“It’s now come in handy because shipments from Iraq and most of the Middle East have fallen heavily.”

According to Kpler, crude from both Iran and Venezuela began arriving this month.

Imports from Iran averaged 276,000 bpd as of mid‑April, while shipments from Venezuela stood at around 137,000 bpd, preliminary data from Kpler shows.

The purchases have proven to be a fortuitous windfall for refiners who largely steered clear of both suppliers previously to avoid US ire.

HIGHER PRICES

Despite the diversification, the road ahead looks difficult.

India’s overall crude imports fell in March, sliding to 4.5 million bpd from 5.2 million in February, according to Kpler.

Analysts also cautioned that oil from the African nations has limits as a substitute.

“In a prolonged Iran conflict scenario, African crudes can partially backfill supply. However, they are unlikely to fully replace Middle Eastern barrels on a structural basis due to crude slate mismatches,” said Dubey, explaining Indian refineries were configured for different grades than what comes from the African countries.

Higher prices are also a problem.

“The era of cheap oil is over for now, but access has been preserved. Either way, India doesn’t have the luxury of walking away,” said Choudhary, noting that April barrels were secured at between $5 and $15 above the Brent global oil benchmark.

State‑run retailers have yet to raise pump prices, with the government instead cutting excise duties on fuel.

Some analysts warn prices could rise by as much as 28 rupees (30 cents) per litre once voting in key state elections ends later this month.

The oil ministry acknowledged Thursday that government‑owned fuel companies were incurring losses but denied that a price hike was imminent.

“India is the only country where petrol and diesel prices haven’t increased in the last four years,” it said.

The government and state oil firms “have taken relentless steps in order to insulate Indian citizens from steep increases in international prices”.

Bangladesh can increase its tax revenue from the current level of less than 7 per cent of GDP to around 15 per cent without raising tax rates by ensuring transparency, accountability and greater efficiency in tax administration, experts and economists said.

They stressed the need for urgent reforms, including separating tax policy formulation from tax collection authorities, along with institutional and procedural improvements to enhance enforcement capacity and reduce tax evasion.

The observations came on Sunday at a policy dialogue titled “Rationalising Supplementary Duty and VAT in Bangladesh: Evidence, Challenges, and Reform Pathways,” organised by the Policy Research Institute of Bangladesh with support from The M Group, Inc.

Zakir Ahmed Khan, chairman of Palli Karma-Sahayak Foundation, attended as the chief guest. The event was chaired by Zaidi Sattar.

Shamsul Huq Zahid, editor of The Financial Express, and Zakir Hossain, associate editor of Daily Samakal, shared their insights on the keynote presented by Bazlul Haque Khondker, research director of PRI, and Hafiz Choudhury, principal of The M Group.Financial news subscription

Zakir Ahmed Khan said Bangladesh’s tax potential could be significantly higher if enforcement is strengthened and systemic leakages are reduced. Proper enforcement of existing laws alone could raise revenue by 30–40 per cent, he added.

He argued that instead of comparing with other countries, Bangladesh should assess its own tax potential based on its economic structure, rates and base. With improved compliance and enforcement, the country could reach a tax-to-GDP ratio of around 15 per cent without increasing tax rates.

However, he cautioned that enforcement should not turn into “tax terrorism” but should promote voluntary compliance and trust in the system.

Khan also emphasised the need to separate tax policy formulation from tax administration under the National Board of Revenue (NBR) to improve efficiency, accountability and research capacity. He said stronger reforms, better analysis and continuous policy review are essential to unlock Bangladesh’s revenue potential and address fiscal challenges.

Zaidi Sattar said Bangladesh’s ongoing tax liberalisation reflects a structural tax deficit and weak revenue capacity, as indicated by low tax buoyancy.

He observed that heavy reliance on import tariffs, regulatory duties and supplementary duties has raised domestic prices, particularly for consumer goods, making them higher than international levels and even compared to India.Economic analysis reports

He added that although purchasing power parity suggests higher real income, high domestic prices reduce affordability and competitiveness.

Shamsul Huq Zahid said the NBR tends to rely on supplementary and regulatory duties to offset weak direct tax collection, often using high duties to protect inefficient domestic industries.

He noted that Bangladesh, once a pioneer in introducing VAT in the region, is now lagging behind countries like India and Nepal in modern tax systems such as GST, largely due to inefficiencies in tax administration.

“The NBR’s inability to generate sufficient direct tax revenue has led to growing dependence on indirect taxation, which distorts the tax structure and reduces efficiency,” he said.

The success in accountancy and finance careers in future will depend on adaptability, continuous learning, and the ability to combine technical expertise with human-centred skills, experts have said.

The future of work is undeniably uncertain, but it is teeming with opportunity for those willing to adapt, they said in a roundtable discussion held at The Business Standard conference room yesterday.

Titled "Finance and Accountancy Career Paths Reimagined – The Changing World of Work", the discussion was organised by ACCA Bangladesh, moderated by TBS Senior Executive Editor Sharier Khan.

Clive Webb, head of Business Management at ACCA Global, presenting the keynote, said there has been a fundamental change in career structures driven by the interconnected forces of demography, climate change, and technology.

He suggested that the role of the profession is shifting from being the "owner of knowledge" to the "provider of trust and integrity".

Webb described a transition from a traditional "pyramid" organisational structure to a "diamond" model, where fewer entry-level roles exist and the focus shifts to interpretation, human verification, and value-driven insight.

In his presentation, he further said the future of work in accountancy and finance is dynamic, uncertain, and full of opportunity.

"Success will depend on adaptability, continuous learning, and the ability to combine technical expertise with human-centric skills. By embracing flexibility and aligning with emerging trends – technology, sustainability, and purpose – professionals can thrive in a world where career paths are reimagined and accountancy is redefined," he said.

Prawma Tapashi Khan, country manager at ACCA Bangladesh, said that while concerns about job cuts due to AI are valid, the reality is that many new roles will emerge as the nature of work is redefined.

She added that technology itself will not replace human professionals, but those who fail to utilise technology effectively will be replaced by those who do.

Sajjad Hossain Bhuiyan, chairman of the Financial Reporting Council (FRC) Bangladesh, revealed that while 150,000 companies are registered with the RJSCF, only 35,000 submit tax returns. He challenged the accounting community to locate these missing 115,000 entities and bring them into the formal fold.

The FRC chairman addressed the need for a professional Valuation Code and the formal recognition of ACCA graduates under the Financial Reporting Act, acknowledging that their international expertise is vital for better economic governance.

ASM Amanullah, vice-chancellor of National University, Bangladesh, pointed out a stark disconnect: the country produces 10 lakh graduates annually, yet 3 lakh stay unemployed.

He attributed this to a lack of industry-academia linkage. To address this, the National University has launched 26 reform initiatives, including an MoU with ACCA to integrate professional certifications into the curriculum.

He advocated increasing education spending to 3% of GDP, stressing that a one-dollar investment in human development today can yield a 300% return within a decade.

Professor Tapan Mahmud, head of Business Administration in Accounting and Information Systems at the Bangladesh University of Professionals, said modern "outcome-based education" must be more than a paperwork exercise for accreditation.

He warned that over-reliance on digital tools is eroding students' decision-making abilities, urging a return to "dialogic teaching" that develops the capacity to handle complex and ambiguous scenarios beyond number-crunching.

Shanshil Ahmed Shibly, technology director at Grameenphone, said the first wave of AI has already passed and the era of "Agent AI" has begun, with "Robotic AI" expected to handle basic tasks by 2028.

He added companies are transforming workforces not just for profit but for survival, and that data sovereignty must be a national priority.

Imam Al Razi, director at Monstarlab Enterprise Solutions, said the challenge often lies in the mindset of business owners who fear automation or lack the capacity to implement ERP systems. He called on universities to introduce these technologies early so students remain relevant in a world where repetitive tasks are rapidly being transferred to AI.

Tanaka Islam, head of HR at Maersk (Bangladesh and Sri Lanka), observed that the era of preferring select institutions is over, with focus now firmly on mindset and self-awareness.

She urged academics to move beyond ceremonial collaborations and engage in meaningful mentorship that prepares students for the corporate environment.

Seezan M Choudhury, partner at ACE Advisory, added that while managing "Gen Z" can be challenging due to their preference for flexibility over certainty, they also present an opportunity.

He suggested that AI-driven automation at the "bottom of the pyramid" allows mid-level managers to produce high-quality reports that previously required large technical teams, enabling Bangladesh to "leapfrog" traditional accounting methods.

Jakir Hossain, group CFO at Asiatic 3Sixty, described the transition of finance leaders from "historians" to "architects" of business.

He shared how re-engineering a company's financing structure saved hundreds of crores, proving that strategic integration is more valuable than technical bookkeeping alone.

Snehasish Barua, managing director of SMAC Advisory Services, noted a critical shortage of forensic accountants – a field that accounts for eight out of ten client requests – and urged institutions to develop specialists in this high-demand area.

Mohsena Khanom Munna, founder of De Tempete, said accounting business process outsourcing (BPO) is a major export sector for Bangladesh but suffers from a gap in "job-ready" skills and the high cost of training interns who often leave for different time zones. She proposed embedding technical courses during university education.

Marzana F Chowdhury, managing director at RSM Bangladesh, said finance professionals must now act as "co-pilots" to management, using data insights to drive strategy rather than simply reporting the past.

Mohammod Rashedul Alam Chowdhury, financial management officer at the Asian Development Bank, stressed the need for specialised finance cadres in the public sector.

Sarwar Alam, executive partner at KZK Advisory, said Bangladesh's 78 lakh SMEs represent a vast job market if accountants can offer affordable, AI-assisted services.

Mohammad Rokibul Kabir, dean of the Faculty of Business and Entrepreneurship at Daffodil International University, showcased successful "Pathway to ACCA" programmes that allow students to work while studying.

Shah Waliul Manzoor, senior business development manager of ACCA Bangladesh, said a significant part of this journey involves the continuous evolution of qualifications.

He said integration of artificial intelligence into the curriculum by 2027 is a key part of ACCA's strategic direction, supported by research and "Professional Insights" resources.

Labio Bala, financial specialist at UNOPS, said that while degrees are essential, competency and the confidence to add value are the ultimate benchmarks.

He said participants agreed that by embracing flexibility and aligning with technology and sustainability trends, the reimagined finance professional will not only survive but lead the coming transformation, where career paths are defined by the ability to evolve.