US and Iranian officials said they had agreed on a framework to end their war, halt the US blockade of Iran and reopen the Strait of Hormuz, a preliminary pact that sent oil prices falling but leaves the fate of Iran's nuclear program to further negotiations.

"The Deal with the Islamic Republic of Iran is now complete," US President Donald Trump wrote on his Truth Social platform around 5:30 p.m. ET local time in Washington (2130 GMT) on Sunday. His post came shortly after Pakistani Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif, whose country has served as a mediator, announced a deal had been struck early on Monday local time.

The memorandum of understanding is scheduled to be officially signed on Friday in Switzerland.

The precise terms were not immediately known. Sharif said in a post on X that the pact called for "the immediate and permanent termination of military operations on all fronts, including in Lebanon."

Lebanon has been a sticking point in negotiations, with Israel and Hezbollah ignoring calls from Trump and others to stop their attacks on each other in recent weeks.

In a statement, the secretariat of Iran's Supreme National Security Council said war and military operations on all fronts, including Lebanon, would end permanently starting on Monday night.

Iran's deputy foreign minister, Kazem Gharibabadi, said a more expansive agreement would be negotiated during a 60-day ceasefire period, including sanctions relief for Iran.

The fate of Iran's nuclear program, another thorny issue, will also be addressed in those later talks, sources previously told Reuters.

There was no immediate reaction to the announcement from Israel, which has said it was not party to the US-Iran talks.

STRAIT TO REOPEN
Trump said the Strait of Hormuz, a major shipping route for global oil and gas supplies that Iran has effectively shut down for months, would open on Friday, and that he had ordered the end of the US blockade of Iranian ports.

"Ships of the World, start your engines. Let the oil flow!" Trump wrote.

Oil prices fell on the news. Brent crude futures fell 4% in early trading on Monday, while ​US ⁠West Texas Intermediate slid more than 4.6%. Stock markets in Asia jumped.

Former Biden administration State Department spokesperson Matthew Miller said Trump had made important concessions to Iran to achieve the status quo that existed before he launched the war.

"We have no assurances the nuclear program will ever be addressed, but Iran has shown the world it can take the global economy hostage and get something from the US in return," said Miller.

Thousands of people have been killed, mostly in Iran and Lebanon, since US and Israeli forces first attacked Iran on February 28. Iran has struck Israel and Gulf states hosting US bases and has effectively blockaded the Strait of Hormuz, pushing up global energy prices. US forces have blocked Iranian ports in response.

The Iran war has become a political liability at home for Trump and his fellow Republicans in Congress, with public opinion polls showing Americans deeply frustrated by rising gas prices ahead of November's midterm elections. But Trump has also faced pressure from members of his own party who insist that Iran's nuclear program must be completely shut down.

Republican Senator Lindsey Graham, a leading Iran hawk, praised the deal but said he would be "watching closely" the coming negotiations on Iran's nuclear program.

"Under our law, any nuclear deal with Iran will be sent to Congress for review and a vote," he said. "Congratulations to all in getting us to this point."

During his first term, Trump withdrew the US from a 2015 multilateral Iran deal, negotiated by Democratic President Barack Obama, that lifted sanctions on Tehran in exchange for limits on its nuclear program, including international inspections.

Iran responded by ramping up its enrichment of uranium, producing ​more than 400 kg (around 900 pounds) of material at close to bomb-grade purity. The eventual fate of that uranium is likely to be a key negotiating point during the upcoming talks.

'A VERY DIFFICULT GUY'
The agreement was sealed despite an Israeli strike on Lebanon on Sunday that drew criticism from both Iran and Trump.

Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has differed with Trump over American demands that Israel curb its military action in Lebanon to allow the United States to reach a deal with Iran.

Israel has said it will retain freedom of operations in Lebanon, while Iran has made a full ceasefire there an important component of its demands.

Trump updated Netanyahu on the progress toward a peace deal during a phone call on Sunday, Israel's N12 reported, citing a senior official.

In an interview with the New York Times, Trump called Netanyahu "a very difficult guy" and argued the Israeli leader should thank him for saving Israel from a nuclear-armed Iran.

Leaders outside the Middle East, who have kept a wary eye on the conflict, welcomed the announcement.

In a joint statement, the United Kingdom, Germany, France and Italy said they were prepared to lift sanctions on Iran in response to "clear, verifiable steps" to limit its nuclear program.

"We are clear that ​toll-free freedom of navigation must now be restored in the Strait of Hormuz," British Prime Minister Keir Starmer said. "Iran must never have a nuclear weapon."

Before the deal was announced, a senior Iranian official told Reuters that, under the terms of the draft, the United States would agree to release $25 billion of frozen Iranian assets. The Trump administration has previously said any release of Iranian money would only take place once Iran has fulfilled certain conditions under a peace deal.

A US official, also speaking before the announcement, said the agreement would ultimately lead to the dismantling of Iran's nuclear program, with its stockpile of highly enriched uranium to be destroyed and removed. The senior Iranian official said the draft deal would allow Iran, which denies seeking a nuclear bomb, to dilute its enriched uranium inside the country.

The Chittagong Stock Exchange PLC (CSE) today (Sunday) welcomed the proposed national budget for fiscal year 2026-27, describing it as a timely and bold initiative aimed at economic recovery and building an inclusive economy.Global economy podcast

Speaking at a post-budget press conference held at its headquarters, CSE Chairman AKM Habibur Rahman said the historic inclusion of capital market strategies in the national budget reflected the government's growing recognition of the sector's role in economic development, BSS reports.

He praised the government's emphasis on modernizing market infrastructure and enhancing digital capacity, particularly the initiative to operationalize the country's first commodity exchange.

He said the CSE has already completed the necessary technological and regulatory preparations for launching the commodity exchange and stands ready to support the initiative.

It also welcomed measures aimed at diversifying financial products, including the introduction of Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs), Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) and index hedging instruments.

According to the CSE chairman, the exchange's Next Generation Trading System is fully prepared to accommodate these products, while the proposed transition of the settlement cycle from T+2 to T+0 would significantly improve market liquidity.

While expressing overall support for the proposed Tk 9.38 trillion budget presented by Finance Minister Amir Khosru Mahmud Chowdhury, the CSE put forward several recommendations to further accelerate capital market development.Market trend analysis

Among its key proposals, the exchange sought a five-year tax holiday for the commodity exchange segment, citing the substantial investment required to establish and operate a world-class commodities market.

The CSE also recommended increasing the tax rate gap between listed and non-listed companies from the proposed 7.5 percent to 10 percent to encourage more quality companies to enter the capital market.

To boost new listings, it proposed tax-free income facilities for newly listed companies during their first three years after listing.

In support of the government's digitalization agenda, the exchange suggested reducing withholding tax on technical services provided by non-residents from 20 percent to 10 percent and lowering VAT on software maintenance services from 15 percent to 5 percent.

The CSE further urged the government to retain the existing 20 percent tax rate on dividend income earned by institutional investors, arguing that removing the cap could negatively affect market growth.

Expressing concern over the withdrawal of tax exemptions for zero-coupon bonds, the exchange also called for a policy target to expand the corporate bond market to at least 2 percent of the country's GDP.Personal finance e-book

CSE Managing Director M Saifur Rahman Mazumdar said the proposed budget acknowledged the need to reduce excessive dependence on the banking sector and promote a balanced financial system where the capital market can play a greater role in financing long-term investments and infrastructure projects.

He reaffirmed the exchange's commitment to working closely with the government and regulators to develop a transparent, modern and internationally competitive capital market in Bangladesh.

The benchmark index of the Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) surpassed the 5,600-point threshold in the post-budget session on Sunday for the first time in nearly 10 months, as investors reacted positively to a series of budgetary measures.

Finance Minister Amir Khosru Mahmud Chowdhury proposed a range of policy measures aimed at reviving private-sector growth and promoting long-term capital market development, which gave a confidence boost to investors.

The market index tracked a firm upward trajectory from the outset of the session. As the session progressed, investor participation intensified, with buying interest remaining strong.

Eventually, the benchmark index of the DSE surged 105 points, or 1.90 per cent, to settle at 5,625, reflecting renewed investor confidence amid expectations of improved corporate profitability, enhanced market liquidity and stronger institutional participation.

Market analysts said the rally was driven by a combination of fiscal incentives, tax relief measures and regulatory reform initiatives aimed at deepening the capital market and attracting long-term investment.

Among the key proposals welcomed by investors are the conversion of tax deducted at source (TDS) into an advance tax mechanism, reductions in withholding taxes on several business inputs, simplification of listing procedures and measures to strengthen market governance.

Banks, telecom operators, pharmaceuticals, fuel distributors, power companies, electronics manufacturers and automobile producers are likely to emerge as the biggest beneficiaries of the proposed measures.

The budget also proposed allowing foreign investors to repatriate profits and transfer proceeds from shares purchased through non-resident investor taka accounts within one working day, a move to improve market participation by foreign investors and help deepen the market.

Akramul Alam, head of research at Royal Capital, said the overall budget framework is supportive of the capital market, although effective implementation and continued policy support are key for sustainable development of the capital market.

He added that expectations surrounding the newly formed securities commission's reform agenda also helped strengthen market sentiment, as investors anticipate greater transparency, fair pricing and stronger governance.

The market also received a boost from improving global sentiment following the announcement of a ceasefire in the Middle East. As global uncertainties seemed to wane, investors continued accumulation of beaten-down stocks.

In another development, Bangladesh Bank provided Tk 25 billion in special liquidity support to Islami Bank Bangladesh on Sunday to help the country's largest Shariah-based lender overcome an acute cash shortage.

Following the news, Islami Bank's stock jumped 9.97 per cent to Tk 32 per share on Sunday, after a sharp decline since the removal of the floor price. Islami Bank alone added 18.3 points to the prime index during the session.

The FY27 budget also proposed strengthening the capital market as an alternative financing source through simplification of listing procedures, development of alternative investment instruments, and gradual shortening of the trade settlement cycle.

According to EBL Securities, the market momentum remained upbeat, supported by expectations that budgetary measures would improve business confidence, stimulate investment and enhance corporate profitability.

Market stakeholders, including the Dhaka bourse, welcomed the proposed budget, saying the measures would help develop the country's capital market and create a more investment-friendly environment.

In a statement, DSE Chairman Mominul Islam said the proposed tax reliefs, market reforms and sector-specific incentives are expected to support corporate profitability, improve cash flows and encourage investment.

"These developments have generated renewed optimism among investors and market participants," he said, adding that the government's proactive approach towards capital market reforms has created fresh expectations for a more stable, transparent and vibrant market.

All but three blue-chip stocks posted gains on Sunday. The DS30 index, comprising blue-chip companies, jumped 47 points to 2,120, while the DSES index, which tracks Shariah-based stocks, rose 14 points to 1,129.

Market participation on the premier bourse remained robust, with total turnover standing at Tk 13.58 billion, a 10 per cent increase over the previous session, as buying interest spread across banking, financial, engineering and pharmaceutical stocks.

Gainers strongly outnumbered losers. Of the 392 issues traded on the DSE, 246 advanced, 96 declined and 50 remained unchanged.

Major sectors posted gains. Non-bank financial institutions led the gains with a 4.4 per cent rise, followed by banking, power, food, pharma, engineering and telecom.

The Chittagong Stock Exchange (CSE) also ended higher. Its All Share Price Index (CASPI) rose 147 points to 15,343, while the Selective Categories Index (CSCX) jumped 91 points to 9,411.

The government has decided to establish Export Processing Zones (EPZs) in Barishal and Lalmonirhat to attract foreign investment, increase exports, and create employment opportunities.
FE

The Cabinet Division has already sent letters to the Secretary of the Prime Minister’s Office and other relevant authorities to begin implementing the EPZ projects.

During the DC Conference held in May, several DCs highlighted the need for new EPZs and economic zones.

The concerned DCs have been instructed to submit progress reports on the implementation of these plans to the Cabinet Division.

These directives were outlined in a letter sent by the Cabinet Division to the Prime Minister’s Office and relevant authorities.

Officials from the Cabinet Division told state-owned BSS that, out of approximately 1,729 proposals received from various districts, feasible proposals were selected and presented to the Prime Minister and relevant stakeholders after several rounds of meetings with ministries and implementing agencies.

The Prime Minister’s Office has decided to implement six key decisions in three phases: short-term (within one year), medium-term (within three years), and long-term (within five years).

Among these decisions are the establishment of EPZs in Barishal and Lalmonirhat and economic zones in Gazipur, Barguna, and Pirojpur.

Bangladesh currently has eight government-owned EPZs under the Bangladesh Export Processing Zones Authority (BEPZA): Dhaka, Chattogram, Mongla, Cumilla, Ishwardi, Karnaphuli, Adamjee, and Uttara EPZs. Bangladesh economic report

The primary purpose of EPZs is to facilitate the duty-free import of raw materials and the direct export of manufactured goods.

Mohammad Khorshed Alam Khan, a Joint Secretary of the Cabinet Division, told BSS that numerous proposals are submitted each year during the DC Conference, and the government adopts short, medium-, and long-term plans based on priority.

He said that work has already begun on implementing several important decisions this year and that letters have been sent to the relevant ministries.

In the presence of the Prime Minister, ministers, secretaries, and implementing authorities, the Gazipur DC proposed establishing an economic zone to relocate industries to a designated area.

The proposal argued that planned industrialisation would reduce waste and environmental pollution, protect agricultural land, increase domestic and foreign investment, and provide entrepreneurs with easier access to industrial sites.

The Barishal DC proposed establishing an EPZ in Barishal, arguing that it would create employment opportunities locally, reduce migration to Dhaka and Chattogram for work, lower poverty, improve living standards, and benefit from direct road connectivity with Dhaka and proximity to Payra Port.

The Barguna DC proposed an economic zone in the coastal district, noting that its location near Payra Port could make it a strategic centre for international trade.

The proposal also highlighted the potential for marine resource processing and preservation, along with integrated development of the fisheries, agriculture, industry, and tourism sectors.

The Pirojpur DC proposed establishing an economic zone in Pirojpur Sadar Upazila, citing the district’s strong road links with Dhaka, Khulna, and Barishal, as well as waterway connections to Chattogram, Mongla, and Payra seaports.

These links would facilitate the transportation of raw materials and finished products.

The proposal further argued that easy access to raw materials and labour would attract domestic and foreign investment, create jobs through agriculture-and fisheries-based industries, and enable exports after meeting domestic demand.

The Lalmonirhat DC proposed an EPZ, arguing that it would generate industrial and employment opportunities, reduce poverty, improve living standards, and support agro-based industries due to the abundance of rice, potatoes, maize, and other crops.

The presence of Burimari Land Port and Bangladesh Railway facilities would also simplify imports and exports.

Md. Mamun, Deputy Secretary of the Field Administration Wing of the Cabinet Division, told BSS that BG Press is preparing a publication containing the development initiatives discussed during the DC Conference. Copies will be distributed to relevant stakeholders.

He added that all ministry secretaries have been informed of their responsibilities and instructed to submit monthly implementation progress reports to the Cabinet Division by the 10th of each month.

Meanwhile, Prime Minister Tarique Rahman discussed the government’s plans to restore economic discipline and attract foreign investment during a parliamentary session.

Responding to a written question from Cumilla-10 lawmaker, Md Mobashwer Alam Bhuiyan, the Prime Minister, said there is no alternative to restoring economic discipline if the country is to achieve sustainable development.

As part of this effort, the government has taken several groundbreaking measures through the Ministry of Commerce and other relevant agencies to simplify investment procedures and attract both domestic and foreign investors.

He said that the country’s Export Policy has already been updated and that work is underway to revise the Import Policy Order 2026–2029 to facilitate easier market access for foreign investors.
Highlighting a major structural reform initiative aimed at reducing institutional complexities and improving service delivery, the Prime Minister said the government has taken steps to integrate the Bangladesh Investment Development Authority (BIDA), Bangladesh Economic Zones Authority (BEZA), Public-Private Partnership Authority (PPPA), and Bangladesh Hi-Tech Park Authority into a unified framework to enhance efficiency and reduce bureaucratic delays.

The Bangladesh Association of Banks (BAB) has welcomed the government’s effort to recapitalise banks by spending over Tk 40,000 crore in the current fiscal year, but said the move needs to be matched by swift legal recovery of misappropriated assets for lasting effects.

Finance Minister Amir Khosru Mahmud Chowdhury disclosed the figure in his budget speech on Thursday, saying the government had committed the funds to restore the financial health of weak banks.

In a statement on the proposed budget, the BAB, which represents bank sponsors, demanded decisive enforcement against wilful defaulters and transparent treatment of shareholdings acquired through irregular means.

“Depositors’ confidence rests on accountability. Further, there should have been a dedicated budgetary allocation for establishing an Asset Management Company (AMC) to clean up the balance sheets of weak banks, reduce their non-performing loan burden and ease capital shortfall challenges across the sector,” said BAB Chairman Abdul Hai Sarker.

The association of private commercial banks stressed the need to match ambition with discipline and accountability.

“This is a budget of ambition and direction -- one that rightly understands a simple truth: there can be no strong economy without strong banks, and no strong banks without trust,” the association said.

It also welcomed risk-based supervision, the removal of undue influence, the development of bond markets, and the move towards a digital, cashless economy.

The proposed bank resolution framework should include clear safeguards to ensure that parties whose conduct contributed to the distress of financial institutions cannot re-enter the system, it added.

The association stressed that government borrowing from the private banking system should remain disciplined so that it does not crowd out private-sector credit, on which investment, exports and employment depend.

“Private credit must be protected,” the BAB chairman said.

The association called for fiscal policy to reinforce capital rebuilding and prevent its erosion, and said dividend taxation should not discourage institutional investment in the capital market.

The trade body further demanded that provisioning shortfalls should, over time, be treated outside taxable income and that the transition to a cashless, digitally inclusive economy must receive adequate fiscal support.

Omega’s Constellation watch has been flashed in campaigns, movies and at the Met Gala by stars like George Clooney and Nicole Kidman, turning it into a symbol of luxury and glamour. But with gold prices near record highs struck in January, some such classic watches are being melted down as the value of their metal content outstrips their resale worth.

Used models by the likes of Omega and LVMH’s TAG Heuer are most hit by the trend, according to Reuters interviews with over a dozen traders, industry experts, and investment advisers.

British dealer Jon White of Gold Traders melted down an 18-carat late-1970s Constellation in excellent condition in May, one of dozens of mainstream luxury watches he has had scrapped this year as demand for investment gold has risen.

“Beautiful watch. But in reality, had the customer consigned that to auction, what would they have achieved?” White, who also manages an auction house, told Reuters. The gold content of the Constellation watch, one of many models produced by Swatch-owned Omega, was worth £5,750 ($7,749), 35 percent more than its estimated £4,000-4,500 auction value, White said.

James Lamdin, founder of Watches of Switzerland’s second-hand unit Analog Shift, said melting was “primarily happening with contemporary pre-owned and also with older vintage watches that are not already collectible.”

Spokespersons for Swatch and Rolex said they would not comment for this story. LVMH, Richemont, Patek Philippe and Audemars Piguet did not respond to requests for comment.

LIQUID GOLD

Gold prices surged to a record $5,600 an ounce in January as geopolitical concerns and trade worries pushed investors towards safe-haven precious metals. Gold now hovers around $4,200 per ounce, almost double its 2024 average. The market price for used watches has not moved in the same way, however.

“I find it very sad, because obviously once something has been melted, it’s gone forever,” said Adrian Hailwood, a specialist in horological history.

There are no official figures showing how many luxury watches are being melted. World Gold Council data shows overall gold recycling in the first quarter rose 5 percent to 366 tonnes, while gold jewellery demand rose 31 percent in value to $47 billion.

Watches can hold anything from a sliver of gold to more than 200 grams, meaning their scrap value can run into tens of thousands of dollars. In an Omega Constellation, the gold can be found in the case and the strap.

With gold expected to reach between $5,400 and $6,300 an ounce this year, the pressure to dismantle some watches will continue, especially as traders that resell them must cover costs and the expense of providing a warranty. New watches that are over-produced might also be melted down.

“I’ve seen a lot of totally mediocre watches get melted down,” said Lamdin. “There’s a lot of unsold overstock in the Swiss market. And those watches are basically brand new, unworn, and they’re just getting stripped down... they made too many of them.”

“But when you have something that’s vintage and rare and has some story or some patina, that’s where it becomes a short-sighted tragedy.”

THE RESALE TRAP

High-end brands that tightly manage new production like privately owned Patek Philippe and Rolex command the highest premiums over melt value, three industry experts said.

For some models “the wait lists are astronomical. You’re talking anything from two to eight years,” said Simon Lazarus, head of PR and content at online luxury watch platform Chrono Hunter.

Rolex accounted last year for 61 percent of the sales value of new Swiss watches priced above 3,000 Swiss francs ($3,770), up from 57 percent in 2023 despite lower volumes, according to Vontobel.

Less exclusive brands like TAG Heuer, Breitling and Omega struggle to command high new retail prices, however, as buyers can buy a second-hand timepiece for much less. Models like Omega’s Speedmaster often depreciate sharply once sold, exposing them to scrapping, three experts said.

Higher gold prices motivated retired New York engineer Mitchell Talisman to sell two gold watches and a chain containing a combined 35 grams of gold with 58 percent purity for $2,660 cash in December.

“I’d had a bunch of stuff sitting in a safety deposit box for over 10 years,” he told Reuters.

For some owners however, the idea of selling a watch only for it to be melted by a dealer is too much to bear. “It may be a family piece, it may be their first watch,” said Hailwood. “They don’t like the idea of it being destroyed, so they keep it.”

Bangladesh’s revenue collection has grown more slowly than the economy over the past decade, indicating substantial untapped revenue potential, according to a recent analysis by the Finance Division.

The analysis showed that the country’s average revenue buoyancy -- a measure of how quickly government revenue grows relative to the economy -- stood at 0.93 between fiscal years 2014-15 and 2024-25.

A revenue buoyancy coefficient above 1 indicates that tax collection is outpacing economic growth, reflecting a highly efficient revenue system. Conversely, a coefficient below 1 suggests revenue growth is trailing economic expansion, often because of structural inefficiencies or a narrow tax base.

In its latest Medium-term Macroeconomic Policy Statement (MTMPS) for FY2026-27 to FY2028-29, published last week, the Finance Division said revenue buoyancy had been highly volatile, peaking at 2.10 in FY21 before plunging to 0.15 in FY22. The coefficient fell again to 0.60 in FY25.

“On average it stood at 0.93, indicating revenue growth has structurally lagged behind nominal GDP expansion,” the MTMPS said.

Nominal GDP grew by an average of 11.71 percent annually between FY21 and FY25. Over the same period, actual tax revenue expanded by an average of 11.4 percent
According to the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, nominal GDP grew by an average of 11.71 percent annually between FY21 and FY25. Over the same period, actual tax revenue expanded by an average of 11.4 percent, the Finance Division said.

“This persistent trend indicates that revenue collection is not keeping pace with economic growth, revealing the existence of substantial untapped revenue potential,” the Finance Division said.

The division suggested a strategic shift towards digital integration and administrative reforms to align revenue mobilisation more closely with the nation’s trajectory towards a trillion-dollar economy.

The MTMPS also compared Bangladesh’s performance with neighbouring and peer countries in South and Southeast Asia, highlighting the country’s relatively weak revenue mobilisation.

While comparable emerging economies have expanded fiscal buffers alongside economic growth, Bangladesh continues to operate with a narrow revenue base and low collection efficiency, the report said.

The gap became more pronounced in 2025. Bhutan recorded a revenue-to-GDP ratio of 27.8 percent, followed by India at 21 percent, Myanmar at 20.3 percent, Nepal at 20 percent and Vietnam at 19.9 percent.

Bangladesh’s ratio stood at just 7.9 percent that year.

“This persistently low taxation level indicates that structural reform in taxation policy and administration is required so that taxes can be more efficiently collected from potential revenue sources.”

The MTMPS said a large traditional agricultural sector and an extensive informal economy outside the formal tax net continue to pose major challenges to effective tax administration.

“Also, the absence of tax administration-wide digitalisation and low tax morale make it very difficult for the tax administration to perform effectively.”

The report noted that revenue-to-GDP ratios in Pakistan, Cambodia and Sri Lanka also exceed Bangladesh’s, underscoring the scope for greater revenue mobilisation and the need to tap underutilised fiscal resources.

The MTMPS highlighted “a significant and persistent gap” between the number of Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN) holders and actual income tax return filings.

Although the number of registered TIN holders rose to 1.2 crore in FY25, compliance remained weak. Only 46 lakh returns were filed, meaning nearly 62 percent of TIN holders failed to submit returns, resulting in a record compliance gap of 74 lakh taxpayers.

However, a positive shift is emerging in FY26, as mandatory online filing has driven a 24.3 percent increase in submissions as of March. The trend suggests that while systemic inertia persists, digital enforcement is becoming a key driver of improved compliance and a more disciplined tax culture.

The National Board of Revenue currently generates 88 percent of total tax revenue. Indirect taxes -- including VAT, supplementary duty, customs duty and other levies -- account for 65.6 percent of the NBR’s collections.

Direct taxes, led primarily by income tax, contribute the remaining 34.4 percent, underscoring the tax system’s continued reliance on consumption-based indirect taxation.

The National Board of Revenue (NBR) is counting on business expansion, a broader tax net, digitalisation and a harder crackdown on evasion to meet its proposed Tk 6.04 lakh crore revenue collection target for FY2026-27.

Speaking at an event on the proposed Finance Bill yesterday, NBR Chairman Abdur Rahman Khan said businesses are passing through a tough time due to lingering impacts of wars and the pandemic.

“The government wants to raise tax collection and create more jobs by stimulating the economy, so NBR tried to address the problems of entrepreneurs,” he said at the programme organised by the Economic Reporters’ Forum in Dhaka.

The proposed target for NBR is about 20 percent higher than the current year’s original target of Tk 5.03 lakh crore, which was later revised to Tk 5.54 lakh crore.

The higher goal for FY27 arrives as the board is faced with a huge shortfall in the current year. Provisional NBR data shows the board collected Tk 3.27 lakh crore through April and needs another Tk 2.27 lakh crore by June 30 to meet its FY26 goal. NBR has failed to meet its goal for 14 consecutive years.

“We have taken many bold steps and we did not consider whether the step will reduce tax collection, but we thought whether it is justified,” the NBR chief said in response to a question regarding how the board will meet its target next year, especially considering the government has proposed tax exemptions for several sectors.

He said if businesses grow as expected, tax collection will rise across all fronts.

The board will simultaneously intensify its drive against leakages to ensure lower evasion, not just higher rates, drives collection growth, he added.

He cited the tobacco sector, the NBR’s single largest revenue source, as a concrete example.

The board plans to introduce “QR and AR codes” on every cigarette packet, allowing consumers to scan and verify whether tax has been paid.

The measure could yield an additional Tk 7,000 crore from the sector alone, he said, with the system to be gradually extended to other products.

On digitalisation, the NBR has simplified and moved the VAT submission process online and digitised corporate tax filing.

“So we will track everybody easily — whether anyone is evading tax,” the chairman said.

He added that by benchmarking against compliant taxpayers within each sector, the system will more readily flag those who are not.

For small and marginal VAT payers, the NBR is introducing a flat-rate VAT calibrated by area and business type, removing the need to maintain detailed accounts – a measure aimed at pulling informal traders into the net without burdening them with compliance costs.

Snehasish Barua, a partner at Snehasish Mahmud & Co, Chartered Accountants, welcomed the business-friendly measures in the budget but urged full implementation and further reductions in individual and corporate tax rates.

The proposed FY27 budget projects a total revenue collection of Tk 6.95 lakh crore, including the NBR’s target. Historically, revenue mobilisation has been one of the country’s weakest policy areas and Bangladesh’s tax-GDP ratio remains among the lowest in Asia.

The event was also addressed by ERF President Doulot Akter Mala, NBR first secretaries Jafar Imam and Md Tarek Hasan, among others.

The government has announced a series of tax incentives for semiconductor and chip-related activities in a bid to develop a domestic ecosystem for the high-tech industry and create skilled jobs.

In his budget speech for FY2026-27 on Thursday, Finance Minister Amir Khosru Mahmud Chowdhury proposed exempting regulatory duty, supplementary duty, value added tax (VAT) and advance tax on raw materials used in semiconductor or chip design, testing and packaging until June 30, 2031. A 1 percent import duty will still apply on such imports.

The proposal is a part of a broader effort to strengthen the country’s capacity in advanced technologies and diversify its export base.

The finance minister said Bangladesh produces a large number of engineering graduates each year, and that many Bangladeshi professionals already work in the global semiconductor industry.

He said the government has proposed the incentives for the sector “to harness their talent, create high-skilled employment and promote export-oriented growth”.

The budget also set out plans to establish specialist laboratories for artificial intelligence (AI), semiconductors, robotics, machine learning and big data analytics.

It also outlined initiatives to strengthen national capacity in space research, semiconductor technology, and earthquake and seismographic research.

The government pledged continued support for researchers through the Science and Technology Fellowship Trust, saying investment in research and innovation would be critical to developing new technologies and preparing young people for the demands of the Fourth Industrial Revolution.

Industry stakeholders welcomed the move, saying the incentives could help attract investment in chip design, testing and packaging services, areas where Bangladesh already has a modest presence.

MA Jabbar, president of the Bangladesh Semiconductor Industry Association (BSIA), welcomed the proposed incentives, saying the industry had long engaged with policymakers to secure support.

“We have 21 member companies already invested in the local semiconductor sector,” he said. “We met officials from the National Board of Revenue and later the finance minister to explain the need for policy support.”

According to Jabbar, the country has strong potential to develop a skilled semiconductor workforce, particularly in chip design and related services.

“So far, we have trained around 1,200 semiconductor engineers and expect to develop another 3,000 within the next two years,” he said.

While the country has yet to enter semiconductor manufacturing, local firms have established a foothold in chip design, a key segment of the global semiconductor value chain.

“Our current focus is design. We are also working to establish testing laboratories to gradually move towards manufacturing,” Jabbar said.

He noted that the expanding global semiconductor market presents opportunities for countries able to supply skilled talent and specialised services.

“If we are to capture a share of this market, policy support must continue. The incentives announced in the budget are a positive step,” he said.

Jabbar added that sustained support could generate high-skilled jobs, boost exports and attract foreign investment. “There is considerable potential for foreign direct investment in this industry. But first, we must build the ecosystem and strengthen the sector domestically.”

In a statement, BSIA welcomed the fiscal and policy support for the semiconductor sector, saying it formally recognises activities such as IC design, electronic design automation (EDA), outsourced semiconductor assembly and testing (OSAT), packaging and fabrication within customs, tariff and VAT frameworks.

The association said exemptions from customs duty, regulatory duty, supplementary duty, VAT and advance tax on eligible inputs would lower costs, help attract investment, create skilled jobs and strengthen the country’s position in the global semiconductor and deep tech industries.

Syed Almas Kabir, president of the Bangladesh Association of Software and Information Services (BASIS), described the incentives as a strategic step towards high-value technology manufacturing.

“The incentives are timely and aligned with global industry trends. However, their success will depend not only on tax benefits but also on the ability to develop skilled talent, strengthen infrastructure and foster industry-academia collaboration,” he said.

According to Kabir, the tax relief for chip design, testing and packaging aligns policy support with the growing engineering talent base. “The real impact will come when these measures are backed by investment in advanced laboratories, stronger university-industry partnerships and a dedicated VLSI talent pipeline,” he added.

He said countries such as Vietnam and Malaysia built successful semiconductor industries by developing complete ecosystems rather than relying solely on incentives.

Kabir also highlighted the potential role of the Bangladeshi diaspora, many of whom work at leading global companies including TSMC, Intel, Qualcomm, NVIDIA, AMD and Synopsys. A structured programme to engage these professionals, he said, could significantly accelerate the country’s semiconductor capabilities.

Every budget tells a story. Some focus on spending, some on growth and some on reform. Bangladesh’s proposed fiscal framework for FY2026-27 tells a different story: one of widening the tax net, tightening compliance and pushing taxpayers, both individual and corporate, into a more transparent and increasingly digital ecosystem. At first glance, some changes appear taxpayer-friendly. The advance income tax threshold for individuals has been raised from Tk 6 lakh to Tk 10 lakh, offering breathing space for salaried professionals and small entrepreneurs battling inflation. The government has also introduced incentives for timely return filing. Those filing by September will receive a 5 percent rebate, while delays beyond December will attract penalties. Tax compliance is no longer just about how much one pays, but also when.

But beneath these relief measures lies a far stronger enforcement framework. One of the most significant changes is the expansion of audit requirements. All companies must now submit audited financial statements along with an income computation sheet certified by a chartered accountant. Firms, associations of persons and Hindu undivided families with turnover above Tk 10 crore or capital exceeding Tk 5 crore will also fall under mandatory audit, while other entities will need certification from a CA, CMA or tax lawyer. Accounting records must also be preserved in line with company law requirements, effectively for up to 12 years for many companies.

Corporate tax rates remain largely unchanged, but with a meaningful twist. While standard rates stay at 27.5 percent for private companies and 22.5 percent for publicly traded ones, companies conducting all transactions through banking channels will enjoy reduced rates of 25 percent and 20 percent, respectively. This is formalisation by incentive.

The budget also takes a stricter position on tax deducted at source (TDS). Failure to deduct, collect or deposit withholding tax will trigger recovery of the shortfall, a 50 percent penalty and even disallowance of the related expenditure. Since TDS locks up working capital while refunds take months, the promise of electronic refunds within 120 days for certain self-assessed returns is welcome, provided implementation follows. Minimum tax remains a concern. The 1 percent levy on gross receipts stays unchanged, meaning companies will continue paying tax even in loss-making years. Tax disputes are becoming costlier. An appeal before the Commissioner (Appeals) will now require payment of 1 percent of the disputed tax demand. There is relief at the tribunal stage, however, where the pre-deposit has been reduced from 10 percent to 3 percent.

The capital market faces its own recalibration. Listed companies, excluding banks and financial institutions, must distribute at least 30 percent of after-tax profits as dividends or face additional tax. Stock dividends will attract a 10 percent tax, while capital gains tax on securities has been halved from 10 percent to 5 percent. These measures may reshape dividend policy and investor expectations, while the lower gains tax could improve market participation.

Unpaid interest claimed as a business expense for three years will now be treated as taxable income, and related-party loans below 12 percent interest may trigger deemed income adjustments. On the VAT side, reverse-charge VAT on imported services has widened, raising costs for foreign software, cloud platforms, consultancy and digital advertising. VAT audits now have clear timelines: documents within two months of notice, extendable by one month, with the audit completed within a year. The VAT appeal structure also imposes pre-deposit requirements at successive stages.

Foreign digital businesses with more than 100,000 users in Bangladesh may now fall within the tax net. TIN will be required for most bank accounts, and BIN for loans, utility connections and trade licence renewals. Cigarette, brick and gold prices may rise, while exporters gain relief through lower TDS on subsidies. The message is unmistakable: Bangladesh is moving towards a data-driven tax culture. For taxpayers, compliance itself has become a financial strategy.

The Bangladesh Small and Cottage Industries Corporation (BSCIC) industrial estate in Sherpur is grappling with poor infrastructure, inadequate utility services and security concerns, with entrepreneurs warning that the problems are discouraging investment and constraining industrial growth.

Established in 1987 on 15 acres in the Nouhata area, the estate began allocating plots in 2000. It now comprises 107 plots and 33 industrial units. Of these, 28 are operational and four are under implementation.

Although the estate currently employs around 700 workers, stakeholders say the figure could rise severalfold if all units became fully operational.

Business owners say unreliable utility services remain one of the biggest obstacles to growth.

“Gas shortages have disrupted production and prevented the estate from developing as expected,” said Fazle Nazim Parvez, proprietor of Modina Food and Beverage.

Md Kamal Hossain, proprietor of Taj Bread and Biscuit Factory, said the roads within the estate are narrow and in poor condition, with no alternative access route. He added that the drainage system also requires urgent improvement.

Security has emerged as another major concern. The estate has operated for nearly four decades without a boundary wall, leaving it vulnerable to criminal activity.

“Security is a major concern at the estate. The roads here become unsafe after evening. Although there are streetlights, they are not enough. Without a boundary wall, the area has become a haven for muggers and drug users,” said a factory owner, who requested anonymity.

Entrepreneurs have called for the construction of a boundary wall and main gate, the installation of adequate lighting and CCTV cameras, and the establishment of a permanent police check post or camp instead of occasional patrols.

They have also demanded better roads, improved drainage and a lasting solution to the gas crisis.

Businesspeople said several factories that once employed hundreds of workers shut down within a decade because of these concerns. They also blamed inadequate monitoring and support from the authorities for the closure of many units.

According to entrepreneurs, the unfriendly business environment, weak security and chronic gas shortages are deterring potential investors.

“I run businesses in several districts and had planned to establish a food-processing factory in the area. However, because of inadequate gas supply and security concerns, I have not been able to proceed, despite the availability of relatively cheap labour,” said another entrepreneur, also requesting anonymity.

Stakeholders said small industries in the area are not expanding as expected. Even after nearly four decades, they argue, the estate has yet to develop into a major industrial and employment hub and still lacks large-scale industries.

Md Anamul Haque, estate officer of BSCIC, said the estate has dedicated electricity and water supply systems, but frequent power cuts continue to disrupt production.

He added that although gas connections were provided to seven industrial units in 2008, supply interruptions and low gas pressure remain persistent problems. Many factories are still without gas connections, further hampering production.

Regarding complaints about the boundary wall, Md Ataur Rahman Fakir, deputy manager of BSCIC in Sherpur, said a lack of funding has caused the long delay in its construction.

Regular consultation meetings are held with entrepreneurs to discuss their concerns and explore the estate’s potential, he added.

Fakir said that issues such as new gas connections, low gas pressure and the establishment of a police camp have been raised with higher authorities, and efforts are underway to support existing businesses and attract new entrepreneurs.

SpaceX shares jumped 19 per cent in their Nasdaq debut on Friday, sending the company's value past $2 trillion to make it the sixth-biggest US company by value and turning Elon Musk into the world's first trillionaire.

Investors jumped at the ​chance to get a piece of Musk's sprawling empire spanning rockets, satellites and AI after the record-setting $75 billion IPO. More than 510 million shares worth about $84 billion changed hands, even though SpaceX is ‌currently unprofitable and generated only a fraction of the revenue brought in by similarly valued tech giants.

The launch was smoother than many observers expected, with trading kicking off late on Friday morning without the hiccups that had marred Facebook's debut in 2012. SpaceX shares ended the day at $160.95 a share to bring its value to $2.1 trillion. The gain pushed SpaceX's market value past Broadcom, with Amazon next in line at $2.6 trillion.Market trend analysis

The trade capped off a lead-up fraught with anxiety over the Nasdaq exchange's ability to handle the launch, particularly after a recent ​swoon in technology shares raised concerns about stratospheric gains in AI-linked names. Mega-listings from AI heavyweights Anthropic and OpenAI are waiting in the wings.

Investors across the spectrum, from large institutions to retail fans of Musk, ​ended the day euphoric.

"For many investors, SpaceX is the closest thing to investing in the railroads during the Industrial Revolution and they are willing to pay the Elon Musk ⁠premium for that opportunity," said Seth Hickle, chief investment officer at Mindset Wealth Management in Indianapolis.

Analysts and portfolio managers said investors should brace for volatility, particularly early in SpaceX's life as a public company, due to its small relative ​float and high valuation. SpaceX's $18.7 billion in revenue gives the company a price-to-revenue ratio of roughly 112, far above other megacap stocks.

"The question remains is, what happens in a couple of weeks from now. Right now, people want to ​bid the stock higher because it's a winner at this point. Whether it stays that way, that remains to be seen," said Todd Schoenberger, chief investment officer at Crosscheck Management in Washington, DC.

Retail investors received about 20 per cent of the allocation, far more than the typical IPO, with some even celebrating an allocation of one share.

SpaceX executives, including President Gwynne Shotwell and Chief Financial Officer Bret Johnsen, celebrated at the Nasdaq market site in New York's Times Square after ringing the opening bell on Friday. Musk held a separate event for ​employees in Texas.Personal finance e-book

'ALMOST SURREAL'

The IPO is a culmination of Musk's long-held ambitions in space and technology, and has stood out for rewriting Wall Street's IPO playbook and drawing legions of retail investors into the market.

“Elon deserves an extreme premium because of ​his track record and his vision for calling technology trends early," said Shaun Maguire, a Sequoia Capital partner who has led the firm's $2 billion investment in SpaceX. Sequoia Capital's investment is worth over $20 billion at the IPO price, a person familiar with the ‌matter told Reuters.

At $75 ⁠billion, the IPO's proceeds were more than double those of Saudi Aramco's record-setting 2019 IPO.

SpaceX's valuation could rise further should underwriters exercise their right to sell additional shares, a decision typically made within 30 days after the offering.

“Seeing the company that I joined when it was just some sketches on paper become this valuable is almost surreal," said Tom Mueller, a founding SpaceX employee who spent 18 years at the company and a shareholder, who is now CEO of Impulse Space, a spacecraft startup.

An estimated 4,000 current or former SpaceX employees will become millionaires based on the value of their SpaceX shares, according to Hill.com.Business strategy consulting

Although SpaceX's lack of profitability makes it ineligible to join the S&P 500 (.SPX), opens new tab, its expected fast-track inclusion ​in the Nasdaq 100 will soon make it a major ​holding for passive funds and ETFs that track ⁠the index, creating a fresh source of demand for its shares.

It will take about a month before SpaceX gets added to that index under Nasdaq's new fast-entry rules, as opposed to a typical wait of as much as a year.

Some analysts expect SpaceX's debut to trigger a reshuffling of investor portfolios, creating selling pressure on other technology heavyweights as ​funds rotate into the stock. On Friday, shares of other space firms and satellite companies declined sharply, with Planet Labs down 9 per cent and EchoStar down 11 per cent.

SpaceX said its ​market opportunity spans $28.5 trillion, a figure ⁠it called the largest in human history. With its leading position in space - the firm says its operation is responsible for more than four-fifths of the mass launched into orbit over the past three years - and revenues from Starlink, some investors said it has a strong foundation upon which to build.

Some analysts have already issued positive ratings on the company, but Morningstar analysts this month said it is more fairly valued at around $780 billion, and CFRA on Friday started coverage with a sell rating.

"This ⁠is not a ​name you're buying based on fundamentals. For me, the analogy is Amazon. This was a company that changed the way we live," said Nancy ​Tengler, CEO and CIO of Laffer Tengler Investments.

The dollar steadied on Friday but remained on track for a weekly loss, as markets monitored negotiations over a deal that could end the Middle East conflict. Traders were also digesting unprecedented demand for shares in SpaceX, which raised $75 billion in an initial public offering and jumped about 20 percent in its Nasdaq debut.

The euro was little changed at $1.15725, hovering near a one-week high and set for a weekly gain after the European Central Bank delivered its first interest rate hike in three years on Thursday.

Leaked terms of a proposed memorandum to end the war in the Gulf, outlined by Western, Pakistani and Iranian sources on Friday, appeared to favor Iran, drawing criticism from US President Donald Trump who called the reports inaccurate. Trump’s announcement on Thursday regarding a deal had prompted Wall Street shares to rally, oil prices to slip and the US dollar to fall.

Markets are pausing as they assess the prospects for peace and the impact of the SpaceX IPO, with investors watching whether funds will shift from equities or cash, said John Velis, FX and macro strategist at BNY.

“The hoped-for good news on the ceasefire in the Middle East had a big reaction overnight and I think we came in this morning and we have the SpaceX IPO and a bunch of central bank meetings next week,” Velis said.

The US dollar was up 0.18 percent against Japan’s currency at 160.225 yen, holding near a key level that often triggers concern about intervention from Tokyo.

The pound was steady at $1.34145. Data showing the UK economy contracted in April had little impact, with markets focused on Iran talks.

The US dollar index, which measures the greenback against a basket of six currencies, was flat at 99.75 after hitting a one-week low on Thursday. Investors have tended to buy the safe-haven dollar when tensions in the Iran war flare, and sell it in favor of riskier assets such as stocks when peace talks appear to make progress.

The extreme ​volatility of global oil prices has drained liquidity from the market this year at the fastest pace ‌on record, as investors have become increasingly wary of committing cash to an asset that has become hostage to US President Donald Trump’s daily social media posts on the Iran war.

Liquidity, or how well matched the number of buyers is to the number of sellers, is the ​product of a number of factors, including traded volume and open interest.

Open interest, or the number of Brent ​crude futures contracts that investors own, has fallen by nearly 17 percent this year, the fastest rate since at least 2009, according to LSEG data .

Trump’s pattern of ratcheting up threats against Tehran, only to assert hours later ​that a peace deal is imminent, as well as the difficulty in tracking real-world oil fundamentals right now, has led ​to a degree of fatigue among investors, traders say.

“People are exhausted by this chaos. They want this to be over. You cannot trade futures without being constantly burned in an environment when the messaging changes every other hour,” a senior executive from a major trading desk said. ​The executive asked not to be named due to the sensitivity of the matter.

Oil prices fell nearly 3 percent to their lowest ​in nearly two months on Friday after Trump called off threatened new strikes on Iran on Thursday, saying a deal to end ‌the war was close.

The front-month August Brent futures contract registered the lowest open interest since last July when it became the most-actively traded at the start of this month, with 534,227 lots. Open interest peaks at the start of the month and gradually dwindles until expiry of the contract, at which point, it shifts to the next month in the ​chain.

When liquidity becomes thin, buyers and ​sellers must often accept far higher, or lower prices than they otherwise would, because of a dearth of willing counterparties, thereby creating larger price swings. This increases possible rewards, but also the risk of losses.

Former ​Goldman Sachs commodities chief Jeffrey Currie said this week the real reason the oil ​price had not returned meaningfully above $100 a barrel in the past few weeks was not a sign of supply - which has been severely constricted by the near-closure of the Strait of Hormuz - being plentiful, but rather of what he called “capital aversion”.

“Policy uncertainty has made oil too volatile to ​hold,” he said in a post on X on June 10.

“2026 year-to-date open interest ​decline is the worst on record. Unlike 2022, there’s no rates shock or sanctions forcing the exit. This is capital aversion,” Currie, who is a ​senior adviser to alternative asset manager Carlyle, said.

Business leaders have welcomed the proposed national budget for FY2026-27, describing it as a positive step for the private sector and evidence of a shift in the government's approach toward businesses and investors.

The observations were made at a seminar titled "The Finance Bill 2026 Unveiled", organised by SMAC Advisory Services Limited at Gulshan Club in Dhaka on Sunday (14 June).

Speaking at the event, Foreign Investors' Chamber of Commerce and Industry (FICCI) President Rupali Chowdhury said the budget had been well received by investors.

"The budget is really welcome. We have seen a change in the government's mindset," she said.

However, she noted that several longstanding issues affecting businesses and investors remain unresolved and require immediate attention.

"Time is running out. The issues that still exist need to be resolved quickly," she said.

Referring to the imposition of supplementary duties and other tax measures, she said certain sectors, including the beverage industry, continue to face a growing tax burden.

She also stressed that attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) would require more than competitive labour costs.

"The ground reality for companies is still challenging. FDI will not come simply because of cheap labour," she said.

Dr M Masrur Reaz, chairman of Policy Exchange Bangladesh, said, "The biggest positive aspect of the budget is that it sends a good signal to businesses and taxpayers."

He warned that containing inflation would remain one of the government's most pressing challenges.

During the seminar, Snehasish Barua, director of SMAC Advisory Services Limited, outlined key changes proposed in the Finance Bill relating to income tax, value-added tax (VAT) and customs duties.

Zareen Mahmud Hosein, Sukanta Bhattacharjee, director of SMAC Advisory Services Limited, and senior officials of the National Board of Revenue (NBR) also spoke at the event.

Britain’s economy contracted in April as the Middle East war hit growth, official data showed Friday, dealing a setback to Prime Minister Keir Starmer as he grapples with a political crisis.

Gross domestic product fell 0.1 percent in April following growth of 0.3 percent in March, the Office for National Statistics said in a statement.

The reading matched analysts’ expectations and followed a stronger-than-expected performance in the first quarter. Surging energy prices triggered by the war, which began with US-Israeli strikes on Iran on February 28, have reignited inflationary pressures and threatened to derail growth.

“Before the conflict in the Middle East, growth was higher than expected and inflation was falling,” finance minister Rachel Reeves said in response to the figures.

“This is not a war we wanted or joined, but one that will have an impact at home,” she said.

The weak economic showing dealt a fresh blow to Starmer, who is facing calls to step down.

Britain’s defence and armed forces ministers quit Thursday in a row over military spending, further weakening Starmer’s authority just a week before a by-election that could prompt a bid to replace him.

Defence Secretary John Healey resigned warning that Starmer’s long-awaited Defence Investment Plan for funding over the next decade -- which the leader has yet to publish -- risked making Britain “less safe”.

“The effects of the conflict in the Middle East are now well and truly showing up in the economic data, and it isn’t pretty reading for the UK,” said Stuart Clark, portfolio manager at Quilter.

“We expect the economy to continue to fade as the year goes on, and particularly for as long as there is no lasting peace deal in the Middle East,” he added.

Bangladesh's foreign exchange reserves have risen to $31.08 billion after the Asian Development Bank (ADB) disbursed $1 billion in budget support, according to a statement from the central bank issued today (14 June).

The funds, released as part of ADB's budget assistance for Bangladesh, were added to the country's foreign currency holdings, pushing the reserves to just over the $31 billion mark.

According to updated data from the Bangladesh Bank, reserves stood at $30.07 billion on 10 June.

The latest inflow from the Asian Development Bank resulted in a sharp increase over the weekend.

Officials said additional disbursements from other development partners are expected in the coming months, which could further strengthen the reserve position.

The entire Board of Directors of embroiled Islami Bank Bangladesh PLC, led by its new chairman, stands dissolved in a latest regulatory move aimed at safeguarding interests of the bank, its depositors and the public.Regional business directory

According to a statement issued Sunday, the central bank exercised its authority under Sections 45 and 47(3) of the Bank Company Act 1991 to cancel the appointments of all directors of the country's largest Shariah-based bank.

"The decision has been taken in the interest of the bank, depositors and overall public interest," says the Bangladesh Bank (BB) statement.

Under the Act, Mohammad Zahir Hossain, an Executive Director of the central bank, has been entrusted with exercising "all powers and carrying out all responsibilities of the Board of Directors".

A senior BB official told The Financial Express (FE) that Mr. Hossain will perform all functions and responsibilities of the Board of Directors until a new board is formed.

Earlier in the day, the Bangladesh Bank injected Tk 25 billion into the cash-strapped Islami Bank in a special loan to help mitigate its severe liquidity crunch after the Eid vacation.

This sum happens to be the first tranche of Tk 100 billion the Islamic lender last week sought in liquidity assistance from the banking regulator for overcoming the liquidity starvation, Islami Bank officials have said.

The central bank disbursed the financial support to the country's largest Shariah-based bank on Sunday, according to BB spokesperson Arief Hossain Khan.Personal finance e-book

The unconventional bank plunged into a severe trouble in terms of managing liquidity following days of unrest that erupted after the Eid-ul-Azha holiday over the appointment of its new chairman Md. Khurshed Alam.

A group of people who claimed to be clients of the bank started the protest on June 01 under the banner of 'Islami Bank Sachetan Grahok Forum (Islami Bank Conscious Customers' Forum)'.

The continuous agitation triggered panic among many of the depositors who keep withdrawing funds from the beleaguered bank.

As a matter of fact, Islami Bank's liquidity position deteriorated sharply in recent days, resulting in a struggle to meet growing withdrawal demands.

In spillover effect, the bank also reportedly failed to maintain the requisite Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) with the central bank.

Later in the day, a delegation from Islami Bank met BB governor Md. Mostaqur Rahman at the central bank headquarters briefing him on the bank's current liquidity situation.Investment guide

The delegation comprised Islami Bank's managing director (current charge), two additional managing directors, and six deputy managing directors.

Seeking anonymity, an Islami Bank official says they informed the central bank governor that the trend of cash withdrawal keeps intensifying, leading to the struggle.

Despite the crisis, they managed to settle the cash-withdrawing demand. "That's why we appealed for the central bank, the lender of the last resort."

About the cash withdrawals, the Islami bank official says they have observed the net volume of cash withdrawal having reached around Tk 12 billion a day in the last couple of days.

"And the governor, during the meeting, wanted to know how the bank is using the funds provided to the bank in the meeting and they informed him in detail."

The Chittagong Stock Exchange (CSE) is aiming to launch Bangladesh's first commodity exchange this year, with its Managing Director M Shaifur Rahman Mazumdar, saying the bourse could go live within three to four months once it receives the remaining regulatory approvals.

Speaking at a post-budget press conference held at the CSE conference hall today (14 June), Shafiqur said the exchange's technological infrastructure is fully ready and efforts to build market awareness are in their final stages.

"We could have launched the commodity exchange a year earlier had the government's thinking and the regulatory authorities' approach been aligned with our roadmap," he said.

Shafiqur added that the government's latest budget has explicitly mentioned the establishment of a commodity exchange alongside other infrastructure development initiatives, removing a major policy hurdle.

"We have already placed our proposals before the regulator. If the new regulatory authority approves the brokers and products we have proposed, we will be able to go live within three to four months," he said.

"We are hopeful that since government policy is now aligned with our programme, the commodity exchange will be launched within this year."

Commodity derivatives to be introduced first

Shafiqur clarified that the planned exchange would initially operate as a commodity derivatives platform rather than a spot market involving physical delivery of goods.

"There is a misconception that a commodity exchange means physically delivering commodities. In reality, there are two types of exchanges – spot exchanges, where physical delivery takes place, and derivatives exchanges, where futures and options contracts are traded," he said.

According to him, CSE plans to start by allowing the trading of commodity futures contracts, enabling investors, hedgers and participants across the commodity value chain to manage risks through a transparent marketplace.

Under futures trading, participants enter contracts by depositing margins, while the exchange's technology platform ensures real-time adjustment and risk management.

"Our objective is to provide a platform for price discovery, hedging and risk management," Shafiqur said.

What is commodity exchange

According to Shafiqur, a commodity exchange is a regulated marketplace where commodities or contracts linked to commodities are traded, much like shares are traded on a stock exchange.

These commodities can include precious metals such as gold and silver, agricultural products such as rice and wheat, and imported goods such as crude palm oil.

Commodity exchanges generally operate either as spot markets, where physical delivery of goods takes place, or as derivatives markets, where futures and options contracts are traded without the immediate exchange of the underlying commodity.

By enabling participants to discover fair prices, hedge against price volatility and manage risks, commodity exchanges help create more transparent and efficient markets.

They can also benefit producers, including farmers, by allowing them to secure prices for their products in advance, reducing uncertainty and distress sales.

Gold, silver and crude palm oil are proposed as initial products

CSE has proposed launching the platform with gold, silver and crude palm oil futures, considering them relatively straightforward products with internationally recognised pricing benchmarks.

"Gold and silver prices are globally available and well understood. Crude palm oil is an important product for Bangladesh. If we can successfully launch the platform with these products, we can gradually bring other essential commodities into the market," he said.

Shafiqur said agricultural products could eventually be incorporated into the exchange, creating opportunities for producers to secure prices for their goods months before harvest.

"If agricultural products are introduced, producers will be able to trade their future output in advance. Farmers would face less pressure to sell immediately after harvest and could better manage price risks," he said.

He added that any product introduced on the exchange would require approval from the regulator, ensuring appropriate checks and balances, particularly for sensitive commodities.

Farmers could benefit through guaranteed pricing

Shafiqur argued that commodity futures markets could strengthen farmers' bargaining power by allowing them to lock in prices before bringing products to market.

"If farmers can secure prices in advance, the pressure they currently face at the time of sale will reduce significantly," he said.

He cited rice as one of the agricultural products CSE may consider in the future if the initial phase proves successful.

Lessons from India's experience

Director Major (Retd) Emdadul Islam pointed to India's commodity exchange experience as an example of how organised markets can improve quality standards and pricing.

Referring to India's cotton sector, he said commodity exchanges helped organise producers, establish scientific storage facilities and ensure both quality assurance and fair prices.

"Farmers became assured of prices and quality, while users gained confidence that they would receive products of a certain standard," he said.

Emdadul noted that Bangladesh often experiences severe price volatility and post-harvest losses in agricultural products due to inadequate storage and fragmented markets.

"Many times farmers are forced to throw away products or sell at distress prices because they have no bargaining power," he said.

Emdadul added that a well-functioning commodity exchange could improve price transparency and reduce inefficiencies in markets ranging from agricultural goods to imported essentials such as edible oils.

"We are operating with an imperfect market serving 180 million people. A perfect market requires proper price discovery and advance certainty. Commodity exchanges can contribute to that process with the support of regulators and the government," he said.

The benchmark index of the Dhaka Stock Exchange climbed above the 5,600-point mark for the first time in more than nine months today (14 June), as investors responded positively to the post-budget policy environment and expectations of stronger economic conditions.

The DSEX gained 105 points, or 1.9%, to close at 5,625. The blue-chip DS30 index rose 47 points to 2,120, while the Shariah-based DSES advanced 14 points to 1,129.

Market turnover increased by 9.6% from the previous session to Tk1,358 crore. Of the issues traded, 246 advanced, 96 declined and 50 remained unchanged, reflecting broad-based buying interest across the market.

Analysts said investors welcomed a range of policy measures outlined in the budget, including support for private-sector growth, liquidity-enhancing initiatives and expectations of improving global economic conditions.

Demand strengthened across several major sectors, including banking, financial institutions, manufacturing and engineering, while rising turnover pointed to stronger participation from both institutional and retail investors.

However, market participants cautioned that sustaining the rally would depend on the effective implementation of policy measures, improved liquidity and continued structural reforms.

Akramul Alam, head of research at brokerage firm Royal Capital Ltd, said several positive factors contributed to the strong performance of the stock market on the day.

He said that although the budget did not offer direct incentives to investors, changes in taxation and measures viewed as unfavourable by dividend-focused investors had prompted a shift in investment strategies.

"As a result, many investors are reallocating their portfolios away from dividend-yielding stocks towards sectors with higher capital gain potential," he said, adding that this had increased buying pressure, particularly in banking, financial institutions and engineering stocks.

He also said the government's Tk60,000 crore rescue package for closed factories was expected to improve short-term liquidity in the market. "This injection is likely to increase the velocity of money, creating a more active trading environment and supporting overall market momentum," he said.

According to Akramul, plans to gradually shorten the settlement cycle from T+2 to T+0 have also strengthened investor confidence, as faster settlement is expected to attract more active traders and improve participation over time.

On the international front, he said easing tensions involving Iran and lower crude oil prices were positive developments for the global economy.

"If oil prices stabilise at normal levels, it would help control inflation in Bangladesh and ensure a more stable energy supply," he said.

Akramul added that buyers had outnumbered sellers for several weeks, indicating sustained accumulation and strong market momentum.

He also noted that the Tk2,500 crore liquidity support provided to Islami Bank had boosted the bank's share price, contributing to the rise in the benchmark index.

DSE Brokers Association President Saiful Islam said the health of the market should not be measured solely by movements in the index.

"The true strength of the stock market should not be judged only by the rise in the index, but by the level of investor confidence in the market," he said.

He said sustainable growth would depend on restoring and maintaining investor trust. If coordinated efforts by policymakers, regulators and market stakeholders continue, both turnover and the benchmark index could grow in a more stable and consistent manner.

Saiful also said several external economic indicators were turning favourable for Bangladesh, helping improve sentiment in the capital market.

He expressed hope that the domestic economy would strengthen gradually as broader macroeconomic conditions improved.

"If the underlying economic fundamentals continue to recover, the stock market will also benefit through higher participation, improved liquidity flow and reduced volatility," he said.

"Over time, this would help the market move towards greater stability and more balanced growth in both trading activity and index performance," he added.

In its daily market review, EBL Securities said the benchmark index of the capital bourse surpassed the 5,600-mark as favourable fiscal policy measures aimed at reviving private-sector growth and incentives for long-term capital market development bolstered investor confidence and fueled broad-based accumulation across the market.

The brokerage said the market remained firmly positive from the opening bell, with optimism driving sustained buying interest throughout the session and lifting share prices across most sectors.

General insurance stocks accounted for the largest share of turnover, contributing 15.4% of total market activity. The pharmaceutical and banking sectors followed, each accounting for 11.9%.

Most sectors finished higher. Financial institutions led the gains with a 4.4% rise, followed by banking stocks, which gained 3.3%, and information technology shares, which advanced 3.2%. The miscellaneous sector was the only major loser, declining by 3.5%.

Meanwhile, the rally extended beyond Dhaka, with the Chittagong Stock Exchange also ending higher. The Selective Categories' Index (CSCX) rose 91.1 points, while the All Share Price Index (CASPI) gained 147.6 points, reflecting broad-based optimism across the country's two stock exchanges.