Britain’s economy contracted in April as the Middle East war hit growth, official data showed Friday, dealing a setback to Prime Minister Keir Starmer as he grapples with a political crisis.

Gross domestic product fell 0.1 percent in April following growth of 0.3 percent in March, the Office for National Statistics said in a statement.

The reading matched analysts’ expectations and followed a stronger-than-expected performance in the first quarter. Surging energy prices triggered by the war, which began with US-Israeli strikes on Iran on February 28, have reignited inflationary pressures and threatened to derail growth.

“Before the conflict in the Middle East, growth was higher than expected and inflation was falling,” finance minister Rachel Reeves said in response to the figures.

“This is not a war we wanted or joined, but one that will have an impact at home,” she said.

The weak economic showing dealt a fresh blow to Starmer, who is facing calls to step down.

Britain’s defence and armed forces ministers quit Thursday in a row over military spending, further weakening Starmer’s authority just a week before a by-election that could prompt a bid to replace him.

Defence Secretary John Healey resigned warning that Starmer’s long-awaited Defence Investment Plan for funding over the next decade -- which the leader has yet to publish -- risked making Britain “less safe”.

“The effects of the conflict in the Middle East are now well and truly showing up in the economic data, and it isn’t pretty reading for the UK,” said Stuart Clark, portfolio manager at Quilter.

“We expect the economy to continue to fade as the year goes on, and particularly for as long as there is no lasting peace deal in the Middle East,” he added.

High oil and gasoline prices and energy supply problems will not be solved overnight, despite an agreement to end the Iran war and open the Strait of Hormuz announced Sunday (14 June).

It will likely take months before energy companies can resume operations to the point of meeting the world's demand, according to energy experts.

The slow pace of the process of shipping and refining crude oil and doubts about the security of travelling through the strait mean the effect will not be seen immediately, they said.

Ships loaded with crude oil have been stranded in the Persian Gulf for more than three months, unable to safely travel through the waterway, through which about a fifth of the world's oil and gasoline supplies typically travelled before the war began.

"It's going to take time for people to feel comfortable and for insurance to be in place... particularly to get people on the ground to restart some of these assets," said Daniel Evans, global head of fuels and refining research at S&P Global Energy.

First, ships that have been stranded will have to exit the strait and then new tankers will have to come in to be loaded, Evans said.

"To bring a ship in, you need to be confident that you've got a big enough window of safety to bring it in, load it and move it out," he added.

Oil tankers also move slowly, he explained. It takes months to travel from the strait to distant countries, deliver the crude oil to a refinery for processing and then arrive at its final destination.

Bangladesh is set to receive 40 megawatts of electricity from Nepal via India for five months, starting from 15 June to November, under a tripartite agreement signed between Bangladesh, Nepal and India on 3 October, 2024.

Though it is symbolic given the demands that Bangladesh has now, both sides see potential to increase in the future, officials told UNB.

Nepal's hydropower potential and the increasing energy needs of Bangladesh provide ample opportunities to enhance energy cooperation between the countries.In the first ten months of the current fiscal, Nepal exported electricity worth almost Rs21 billion (about Tk25.6 billion) to India and Bangladesh. Last year, the number stood at above Rs13 billion.

Bangladesh and Nepal signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on Cooperation in the Field of Power Sector on 10 August 2018.

Under this MoU, a Joint Steering Committee (JSC) at the energy/power secretary level and a Joint Working Group (JWG) at the joint secretary level were established to facilitate collaboration and advance initiatives in the power sector.

The 7th meetings of JSC and JWG on Nepal-Bangladesh Cooperation in Power Sector were held in Dhaka on 26-27 November 2025.A tripartite Power Sales Agreement (PSA) to export 40 MW of electricity from Nepal to Bangladesh was signed on 3 October 2024 between the Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA), the Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB), and NTPC Vidyut Vyapar Nigam Ltd. (NVVN) of India.

The agreement came into fruition with the commencement of the export of 40 MW of electricity from Nepal to Bangladesh on 15 November 2024.As per the Agreement, Nepal has been exporting 40 MW of electricity to Bangladesh each year from 15 June to 15 November.

Negotiations are also underway regarding the 683 MW Sunkoshi III hydropower project on a joint venture basis.Bangladesh highlighted its commitment to working on long-term plans to ensure strategic partnerships and said that increasing trade volume between the two countries would be mutually beneficial.

Bangladesh Bank has removed Islami Bank's entire board of directors, including the chairman.

Mohammad Shahriar Siddiqui, assistant spokesperson and director of the central bank, confirmed the development.

He said the decision was taken today (14 June) under the Bank Company Act, 1991.

In a statement, the central bank said the board, including the chairman, was dissolved in the interest of depositors and the public.

It also added that, under Section 47(3) of the Bank Company Act, 1991, Bangladesh Bank Executive Director Mohammad Zahir Hussain has been assigned to exercise all powers and perform the responsibilities of the board.

Mohammed Nader Khan, a sponsor and former chairman of Prime Bank PLC, has announced plans to sell 1.02 crore shares of the bank through the block market, according to a disclosure published on the stock exchanges today (14 June).

The shares are valued at approximately Tk30.54 crore based on today's closing price of Tk30 per share.

Nader Khan currently holds 4.40 crore shares, representing a 3.61% stake in the bank.

The proposed sale accounts for around 23% of his existing holdings.

According to the disclosure, the shares will be sold through the block market of the Dhaka Stock Exchange within the next 30 working days.

A block trade refers to a large, privately negotiated transaction of securities.

Following the sale, he will retain 3.38 crore shares in the bank, maintaining a significant ownership position.

Meanwhile, Prime Bank reported strong financial results for 2025, posting a consolidated net profit of Tk910 crore, up 24% from Tk732 crore in the previous year.

The bank's earnings per share rose to Tk7.84 in 2025 from Tk6.31 a year earlier, reflecting improved profitability.

The bank also maintained a solid financial position during the year.

Its net asset value per share stood at Tk40, while net operating cash flow per share reached Tk58.07, indicating strong liquidity and operational performance.

Total assets increased to Tk64,890 crore as of December 2025, underscoring continued business expansion.

The bank's Capital to Risk Weighted Assets Ratio stood at 18.07%, among the highest in Bangladesh's banking sector.

The bank's board approved a 30% dividend for 2025, comprising 25% cash and 5% stock dividends.

Shareholders approved the payout at the annual general meeting held on 21 May.

Bangladesh's gross foreign exchange (forex) reserves climbed to US$35.63 billion on Sunday after the country received more than $1.0 billion in budget support from the Asian Development Bank (ADB).Regional business directory

The country's gross foreign exchange reserves rose to $35.63 billion on Sunday from $34.73 billion on June 10 following the disbursement of ADB budget support funds, officials said.

According to the latest data from the Bangladesh Bank (BB), reserves measured under the International Monetary Fund's (IMF) Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual, Sixth Edition (BPM6), increased to $31.07 billion from $30.08 billion during the same period.

"We are now capable of meeting around six months' worth of import payment obligations with the existing reserves," a senior Bangladesh Bank official told The Financial Express (FE).

Bangladesh's actual imports, measured by the settlement of letters of credit (LCs), declined by 4.14 per cent to $50.43 billion during the July-March period of fiscal year (FY) 2025-26, compared with $52.61 billion in the corresponding period of the previous fiscal year.

Meanwhile, the opening of fresh LCs, commonly known as import orders, rose marginally by 0.35 per cent to $53.94 billion during the period under review, up from $53.75 billion a year earlier.

The central bank official said the country's gross forex reserves could exceed $36 billion by the end of June if the government receives additional external financing.

Earlier, on May 10, the gross forex reserves fell to $34.14 billion after Bangladesh settled $1.51 billion in import payment liabilities to member countries of the Asian Clearing Union (ACU).Personal finance e-book

Bangladesh Bank officials said stronger remittance inflows and lower import payment obligations have also helped improve the country's reserve position in recent months.

The central bank's purchase of US dollars from commercial banks has further supported reserve growth, according to officials.

Bangladesh Bank has bought a total of $6.42 billion from commercial banks since July 13 last year under the prevailing market-based, free-floating exchange rate regime, BB data showed.

Trading in Shyampur Sugar Mills resumed on the Dhaka Stock Exchange today (14 June) after a one-day suspension imposed over an unusual surge in the company's share price, with the stock falling 8.75% to Tk218 following the reopening.

The DSE had suspended trading in the company's shares on Thursday, citing its regulatory authority to intervene in cases of abnormal price movements or suspicious trading activity in order to protect investors and ensure fair price discovery.

The exchange said the suspension was necessary because the recent rally in Shyampur Sugar's share price was not aligned with the company's financial and operational condition and warranted further examination for possible market manipulation or undisclosed price-sensitive information.

Market participants also noted that the sharp increase in the share price was inconsistent with the company's underlying fundamentals. According to market data, Shyampur Sugar Mills has remained completely inactive in sugar production since fiscal 2020-21 because of prolonged losses and outdated machinery.

The DSE said its principal objective was to ensure equal access to information for all investors and maintain orderly market conditions.

Under stock exchange regulations, trading can be suspended if listed companies fail to comply with reporting requirements, violate corporate governance rules, or fail to disclose material information, including operational shutdowns, loan defaults, or significant legal issues.

Brokerage firms, however, argue that while monitoring unusual price movements is necessary, suspending an entire stock may not always be the most effective approach. They suggest that regulators should instead focus on identifying suspicious Beneficial Owner (BO) accounts involved in potential manipulation.

The DSE said the company has been asked to provide explanations and supporting documents for the unusual price movement. A final decision on future trading will be made based on the company's response and the outcome of the investigation.

Overall, the case highlights the regulator's efforts to maintain market transparency and protect investors, even as such actions temporarily affect trading sentiment.

The hike in import duties on plastic resins in the proposed national budget for the fiscal year 2026-27 will create fresh challenges for Bangladesh’s plastic industry, raising production costs and affecting a wide range of downstream sectors, industry insiders say.

The government has proposed doubling the import duty on two key plastic raw materials -- PVC (polyvinyl chloride) and PET (polyethylene terephthalate) resins -- from 5 percent to 10 percent.

Stakeholders warn that the move will significantly increase production costs in the plastic, beverage, electrical, electronics, packaging, construction and automobile sectors, with the burden ultimately being passed on to consumers.

PVC resin, one of the most important raw materials used in Bangladesh’s plastic industry, is widely used in the production of pipes, fittings, water tanks, household products, flooring materials, electrical wire and cable insulation, synthetic leather, and shoe soles.

PET resin, meanwhile, is extensively used to manufacture beverage and food bottles, containers, packaging materials and various industrial products.

Considering their widespread use, the impact of the duty hike on these two materials will extend beyond the plastic industry, affecting the construction, packaging, electricity, healthcare, electronics and automobile industries.

Bangladesh’s annual demand for PVC resin is around 5 lakh tonnes, while demand for PET resin stands at approximately 3.5 lakh tonnes, bringing total annual demand to about 8.5 lakh tonnes.

In contrast, local production capacity stands at only about 1.5 lakh tonnes for PVC resin and 1 lakh tonnes for PET resin.

Consequently, around 70 percent of the country’s resin demand is met through imports, making the industry highly dependent on foreign supplies.

Given this reliance, higher import duties will directly raise production costs.

The plastic industry is currently growing at an annual rate of 8-10 percent, driven by low production costs, competitive labour costs, easy access to raw materials and rising domestic demand.

More than 5,000 plastic manufacturing enterprises operate in Bangladesh, around 98 percent of which are small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Several large companies, including Pran-RFL Group, Bengal Plastics, Akij Plastics, National Polymer, Anwar Group and ACI Limited, play leading roles in the sector.

If the duty on imported resins is increased from 5 percent to 10 percent, import costs will rise significantly, increasing the production costs of pipes, fittings, water tanks, beverage bottles, packaging materials, electrical cable insulation, synthetic leather, footwear and various everyday products. This is likely to lead to higher market prices and additional pressure on consumers.

The industry is already facing challenges due to rising global resin prices caused by geopolitical uncertainties and conflicts in the Middle East. In such circumstances, the proposed increase in duties on key raw materials could place further strain on manufacturers.

Bangladesh’s plastic industry not only serves domestic demand but is also strengthening its position in international markets.

Plastic products from the country are currently exported to around 70 countries, and export earnings from the sector have been increasing steadily. However, the industry remains heavily dependent on imported raw materials.

Industry insiders argue that increasing import duties before achieving self-sufficiency in domestic resin production could weaken the competitiveness of local manufacturers. They also note that locally produced resin currently costs around Tk 10 more per kilogramme than imported resin, suggesting that policymakers should focus on addressing the factors behind the higher domestic prices.

Until Bangladesh achieves competitive pricing and greater self-sufficiency in resin production, industry stakeholders believe, the government should reconsider its decision to increase import duties on PVC and PET resins.

Eminent economists have described the proposed national budget for fiscal year (FY) 2026-27 as 'highly ambitious', warning that financing constraints and weak implementation capacity could pose significant challenges for the newly formed government.

They cautioned that failure to mobilise adequate revenue and foreign financing could force excessive reliance on the banking sector, potentially squeezing private-sector credit and slowing job creation.

The economists stressed the need for deep institutional reforms and a stronger focus on value for money, rather than routine budget implementation.

Eminent economist Dr Mustafa K. Mujeri said the budget appears designed to "please everyone", reflecting the finance minister's earlier statement that it would cater to all sections of society.

However, he noted that this approach is typical in the early budgets of a new government.

"It can be said that attention has been given to everyone in terms of allocation," he said, adding that health, education, development, entrepreneurship, start-up capital and other areas have all been addressed.

However, he emphasised that the key issue lies in implementation.

"We can achieve the desired results only if the budget is implemented properly, keeping in mind the context in which it was formulated and the allocations were made," he said.

Dr Mujeri identified two major obstacles to implementation of the large budget -- financing and the efficient use of funds.

"The revenue target set by the finance minister is impossible," he said.

He recommended structural reforms to improve revenue collection and reduce dependence on bank borrowing to avoid crowding out private sector credit.

At the same time, he warned against excessive withdrawal of funds from the banking system, saying it could create liquidity pressures and restrict private investment.

Dr Selim Raihan, Professor at the Department of Economics, University of Dhaka, said the budget is ambitious in tone but cautious in macroeconomic design.Economics

He said it correctly identifies the economy's main challenges, including weak growth, high inflation, low revenue mobilisation, fragility in the banking sector, rising debt-servicing costs and external shocks.

He noted that the budget places emphasis on private investment, employment, social protection, education, health, energy security, deregulation and regional development, which is broadly appropriate.

Proposals on investment incentives, support for SMEs and startups, and improvements in logistics and export infrastructure indicate an intention to move beyond a narrow growth model.

However, he said the budget is stronger in diagnosis than in operational clarity.

Dr Raihan said the budget simultaneously promises stability and expansion -- lower inflation, higher investment, increased social spending, stronger revenue collection, bank recapitalisation and tax concessions -- without clearly explaining sequencing or trade-offs.

"The main challenge will be implementation," he said.
He noted that long-standing weaknesses in tax administration, public expenditure quality, procurement, project readiness, banking governance and local-level service delivery cannot be addressed through budget announcements alone.

He warned that revenue targets would be difficult to achieve without a transparent tax expenditure framework and strict performance conditions for exemptions and incentives.

Similarly, public spending in education, health and social protection would only deliver meaningful results if leakages are reduced and outcomes properly monitored.

Dr Raihan said the way forward should be disciplined and practical, with measurable reform milestones, regular progress reporting, protection of priority spending, time-bound and conditional investment incentives, stronger banking-sector governance before further recapitalisation, and safeguards against crowding out private credit.

"In short, this budget can become a useful first step, but only if it is followed by serious institutional reform rather than routine implementation," he added.

Dr M Masrur Reaz, Chairman and Founder of Policy Exchange Bangladesh, described the FY2026-27 budget as an ambitious attempt to build a welfare-oriented state and investment-led growth model, but warned that success depends on overcoming persistent weaknesses in revenue mobilisation, project implementation and governance.

In an instant reaction to The Financial Express, he said the budget outlines a broad reform agenda centred on social protection, investment promotion, deregulation and foreign direct investment, while seeking to shift the economy away from debt-driven growth.

Professor Muhammad Mahboob Ali of Bangladesh University of Business and Technology (BUBT) said the budget provides a strategic framework aimed at stabilising the economy and realigning priorities.

He said the Tk 9.38 trillion budget represents a major test for the new government, requiring a shift away from overly ambitious growth targets towards stabilisation, financial sector reform and easing inflationary pressures.

He noted that revised FY26 estimates place total revenue between Tk 5.93 trillion and Tk 7.01 trillion, while FY27 projections indicate an 18 per cent rise in income, including grants.

Bangladesh must engage global-scale port operators to modernise its ports, improve logistics performance and remain competitive in international trade, Bangladesh Investment Development Authority (Bida) Executive Chairman Ashik Chowdhury said today (13 June).

He made the remark while presenting a paper at the conference titled "Roadmap for Trade, Growth and Economic Diplomacy 2026 – Navigating Risks: Leveraging Resilience" at a hotel in Dhaka.

The conference was jointly organised by the International Trade, Investment and Technology Wing of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Bida.

Referring to the World Bank's global container port ranking, Ashik said Bangladesh ranked 364th among 400 ports worldwide, underscoring the urgent need to improve port efficiency and logistics capacity.

"This tells us our work is cut out, and we are a very proud nation," he said, adding that engaging international-scale operators in port management has become essential to boosting competitiveness.

He said the ranking reflects the scale of challenges facing Bangladesh amid rapidly changing global trade dynamics and stressed that the country must adapt to the pace of change in the global economy.

Acknowledging concerns raised by businesses, Ashik said investors frequently point to gas shortages, logistics bottlenecks and excessive regulation as key obstacles.

He said the government is addressing these challenges through a broader reform agenda and described the proposed FY2026-27 budget as one of the most investor-friendly budgets in recent years, with a strong focus on deregulation.

The Bida chief also highlighted sector-specific reforms, pointing to recent policy changes in the shrimp export sector as an example of targeted efforts to improve competitiveness.

On energy, he said reliable and uninterrupted power supply remains one of the most critical requirements for investors, particularly in a manufacturing-led economy like Bangladesh.

To address the issue, he said the government plans to expand renewable energy generation by allocating unused public land for large-scale solar projects and simplifying rooftop solar installation policies.

Ashik also stressed the need to diversify Bangladesh's energy sources, noting that a dedicated government team is working on long-term solutions in the oil and gas sector.

He acknowledged that Bangladesh is lagging behind by five to ten years in energy infrastructure development and said priority is being given to projects including additional floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU) capacity, a land-based LNG terminal and the expansion of the Eastern Refinery Limited's second unit (ERL-2).

The government has announced a wide-ranging deregulation programme aimed at cutting red tape, lowering compliance costs and improving Bangladesh’s business climate as the country prepares for graduation from least-developed country (LDC) status.

The reform package, unveiled in the budget speech of Finance Minister Amir Khosru Mahmud Chowdhury on Thursday, covers investment approvals, company registration, taxation, customs, banking, capital markets and construction permits.

Businesses have long complained about lengthy approval processes, overlapping regulations and cumbersome compliance requirements that delay investment decisions and raise operating costs.

SEVEN-DAY DEADLINE FOR APPROVALS

A key feature of the reform package is the introduction of strict timelines for government approvals and licences.

The government plans to make the online Single Window platform mandatory for business approvals and licensing. From application submission to licence issuance, all procedures will have to be completed within seven days.

If a government agency fails to provide a required opinion, clearance or no-objection certificate within the stipulated period, the application may be processed on the assumption that consent has been granted, where applicable.

Authorities also plan to introduce “plug-and-play” facilities in selected industrial and economic zones, allowing investors to set up factories and begin production more quickly.

FASTER BUSINESS START-UP SERVICES

The government intends to simplify company registration by moving name clearance, application submission, fee payments and certificate issuance online. Company registration is expected to be completed within 48 hours.

Small and new businesses may be allowed to start operations with provisional approvals and complete remaining compliance requirements within six to 12 months.

Work permits for foreign experts and skilled professionals are set to be issued within seven days, while investor visas will be processed within 10 days. The government is also considering five-year multiple-entry visas for eligible investors and project personnel.

To facilitate large investments, agencies such as Bida, Beza, Bepza and BSCIC will assign dedicated support teams and case managers. A grievance redress mechanism and a 24-hour investor help desk are also planned.

TAX ADMINISTRATION GOES DIGITAL

The deregulation drive includes measures to simplify tax and VAT compliance. From the next fiscal year, corporate taxpayers will be able to file returns online, while excess tax deducted at source will be refunded directly to bank accounts through an automated system.

Tax and VAT audit selection will be automated using risk-based software, while tax residency certificates for foreign investors will be issued online through the National Single Window.

For VAT, online filing will become mandatory, simplified returns will be introduced for small businesses, and the government is considering quarterly instead of monthly VAT submissions.

CUSTOMS PROCEDURES TO BE SIMPLIFIED

Several reforms target customs administration and bonded warehouse facilities.

The government plans to extend bond facilities beyond the readymade garments sector to other export-oriented industries. Annual bond audits for compliant garment exporters may be withdrawn, while bond validity periods in some sectors will be extended.

Ten sectors, including motorcycles, speedboats, fish processing, handicrafts, diversified jute products and sanitary products, may be allowed to import raw materials against bank guarantees without obtaining bond licences.

Authorities also plan to reduce customs paperwork, expand self-assessment facilities and allow accredited private laboratories to conduct product testing alongside government facilities to reduce port congestion and delays.

EASIER PROFIT REPATRIATION

To improve investor confidence, the government intends to simplify rules governing profit repatriation and capital transfers.

Applications related to the repatriation of profits from foreign investments will be processed within 30 days. Requirements for share transfers and capital repatriation in unlisted companies will be eased, while certain transactions will no longer require prior approval from Bangladesh Bank.

The reform package also proposes simplifying foreign trade payments, expanding digital lending and cashless transactions, and easing regulatory requirements for banking services.

CAPITAL MARKET AND CONSTRUCTION APPROVALS

The government plans to streamline IPO approvals through digital platforms, reduce documentation requirements and review the possibility of direct listing for eligible companies.

Measures are also proposed to expand the corporate bond market and strengthen participation by institutional investors.

Construction, environmental and fire-safety approvals will be integrated into a single online platform. A risk-based approval system will be introduced so that low-risk projects receive faster clearances while higher-risk projects continue to undergo detailed scrutiny.

HIGH-LEVEL TASK FORCE

The government says a high-level task force will oversee implementation of the deregulation programme. A dedicated website will also be launched to track progress and allow businesses to report delays or irregularities in service delivery.

Commenting on the government’s deregulation initiatives, M Masrur Reaz, chairman and CEO of Policy Exchange Bangladesh, said the new government appears to be treating deregulation as a key reform tool for creating a more business-friendly environment.

He welcomed the approach, noting that Bangladesh’s business environment is burdened by unnecessary and outdated regulations, as well as red tape arising from weak regulatory enforcement.

Reaz said deregulation-driven reforms could involve removing redundant rules, simplifying existing regulations and allowing greater self-regulation by industry bodies such as the Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association.

Such measures, he said, would reduce the time, cost and procedural burden of regulatory compliance for businesses, making government services faster, easier and more competitive.Bangladesh Chamber of Industries President Anwar-ul-Alam Chowdhury Parvez also welcomed several of the proposed measures, but questioned whether they could deliver results without deeper structural reforms.

Manufacturers remain more concerned about uninterrupted gas supply and a stable banking sector than fiscal incentives, he said.

Persistent energy shortages, rising non-performing loans, weak investor confidence and the absence of a clear roadmap for banking reforms continue to weigh on business sentiment, he noted, adding that success would ultimately depend on implementation capacity and institutional reforms.

The finance minister said in his budget speech that the government wants to make the capital market vibrant. But a number of proposed tax changes could push institutional and retail investors away from shares and into safer investments such as government securities.

Under the proposed budget for fiscal year 2026-27, corporate investors would lose the preferential 20 percent tax rate on dividend income from shares and instead pay tax at their regular corporate rates.

For banks, that could mean paying 37.5 percent tax on dividend income instead of 20 percent.

The second proposed change affects individual investors. Retail investors currently receive a 15 percent tax rebate on stock market investments, but the budget proposes reducing that to 10 percent.

The maximum investment eligible for the rebate would also be lowered to Tk 7.5 lakh from the current Tk 10 lakh.

Moreover, income or discounts earned from zero-coupon bonds, a type of debt instrument purchased at a discount and redeemed at full value at maturity, are currently exempt from income tax for all investors. The FY27 budget proposes scrapping that exemption.

According to market analysts and asset managers, these proposed tax measures could send the wrong signal to investors at a time when the government is trying to revive the capital market.

“Both of the proposed tax measures for corporates and retail investors are negative for the capital market,” said Ali Imam, managing director and chief executive officer of Edge Asset Management.

However, he said the proposed tax on corporate dividend income would have a greater impact because institutional investors are already limited in the market. The additional tax would further discourage them from investing.

CORPORATE TAX CHANGES ON DIVIDEND INCOME

At present, corporate investors pay a 20 percent tax on dividend income earned from stock market investments. If the provision is abolished, they will instead pay tax according to their respective corporate tax rates.

For example, if Bank A invests in a listed company, Company B, and receives Tk 100 in cash dividends, the bank currently pays Tk 20 in tax on that dividend income, even if its corporate tax rate is 37.5 percent.

If the provision is removed, the bank would have to pay tax at 37.5 percent on the same dividend income.

Banks currently make up the bulk of institutional investors in the stock market and are therefore likely to be the hardest hit by the measure.

Moreover, with treasury bond yields remaining attractive, banks and other institutions may choose risk-free government securities over stock market investments.

Edge Asset Management CEO Ali Imam said dividend income represented a distribution of profits paid from earnings that had already been taxed.

“Therefore, imposing an additional tax on dividend income is illogical in itself, as the underlying profits have already been taxed. Increasing the tax rate further amplifies the negative impact, effectively creating a double burden on investment returns,” he added.

Iftekhar Alam, president of Bangladesh Merchant Bankers Association (BMBA), said investors could shift their funds if returns on other securities are higher.

However, he said the country lacks sufficient investment vehicles.

Alam said there has been positive sentiment in the market since the new commission took office recently and expressed hope that investors would remain in the stock market.

Saiful Islam, president of the DSE Brokers Association (DBA), urged the authorities to retain the tax benefits currently available to stock market investors for at least another couple of years, as the market is undergoing a transformation and rebuilding.

BUDGET OTHERWISE WINS MARKET APPRECIATION

In his budget speech, Finance Minister Amir Khosru Mahmud Chowdhury said the government would work to reduce the private sector’s excessive dependence on bank financing and make the IPO process time-bound and digital.

According to a budget analysis by Sheltech Brokerage Ltd, these steps would strengthen the role of the capital market within the financial system, resulting in greater market depth and improved liquidity.

It says the digital IPO process would reduce approval times, lower compliance costs, increase the attractiveness of listing and potentially expand the IPO pipeline.

The budget also outlines plans to modernise market infrastructure by gradually shifting from the existing T+2 settlement cycle to T+0 settlements. Non-Resident Investors’ Taka Accounts (NITA) accounts would also be simplified.

Sheltech Brokerage said these measures could facilitate foreign investment inflows and improve liquidity, although they might also increase market volatility.

Meanwhile, the Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) welcomed the national budget, saying the measures would help develop the country’s capital market and create a more investment-friendly environment.

In a statement issued on budget day, DSE Chairman Mominul Islam expressed gratitude to the government for prioritising the restoration of investor confidence, strengthening market governance and addressing long-standing concerns of market stakeholders, saying these steps reflected a strong commitment to the sustainable development of the capital market.

He said the proposed measures to improve coordination among regulatory agencies and institutions linked to the capital market would enhance efficiency, transparency and accountability, helping build a stronger and more integrated market infrastructure.

The government aims to raise the creative economy’s contribution to the country’s gross domestic product (GDP) to 1.5 percent, viewing the largely untapped sector as a potential source of growth, jobs and export earnings, according to Finance Minister Amir Khosru Mahmud Chowdhury.

Speaking at an economic diplomacy conference in Dhaka yesterday, he said Bangladesh should invest more in culture, arts, entertainment and design to diversify its economy.

Drawing a comparison with the United Kingdom’s thriving creative industries, the minister said creative products and services generate significant economic value and serve as an important source of soft power.

According to UNCTAD estimates, the global creative economy accounts for about 3 percent of world GDP, or around $2.25 trillion. In India, the sector contributes around 1.5 percent of GDP.

“Bangladesh possesses strong creative talent but has yet to adequately protect, promote and commercialise it,” said Khosru at the conference, titled “Roadmap for Trade, Growth and Economic Diplomacy”, jointly organised by the foreign ministry and the Bangladesh Investment Development Authority (Bida) at Pan Pacific Sonargaon Dhaka.

In his proposed budget for fiscal year 2026-27, the finance minister outlined the 1.5 percent target, alongside a 10-year investment strategy and time-bound action plans aimed at creating 5 lakh new jobs in the creative economy.

Currently, there is little data available on how many activities such as performing arts, design, stand-up comedy and other creative pursuits contribute to the economy.

The finance minister said there are plans to establish a dedicated “theatre district” on 150 acres of land. Such a hub would create new opportunities for spending and economic activity while strengthening the country’s cultural influence.

He highlighted the budget’s focus on developing the creative economy by supporting artisans, designers, performers and cottage industry entrepreneurs through financing, skills development, branding support and access to digital marketplaces.

“We have to protect it, promote it and monetise it,” he said.

He also spoke about streamlining business approvals and deregulation. Khosru said deregulation is central to the government’s efforts to create a more business-friendly environment.

Responding to concerns from foreign investors about higher taxes on compliant businesses, Khosru said the government’s priority is to expand the tax net rather than increase the burden on existing taxpayers.

He added that reforms, including separating tax policy formulation from tax administration, are aimed at improving efficiency and making tax collection more predictable.

He called for a rethink of Bangladesh’s public finance architecture, citing rising borrowing costs and growing interest payments.

Khosru urged greater reliance on the capital market for large investments and said state-owned enterprises should raise funds independently.

He also pledged financial sector reforms and faster regulatory simplification to improve the business environment.

Foreign Minister Khalilur Rahman said Bangladesh must redesign its international economic engagement to cope with slowing global trade and growth, geopolitical tensions, climate risks, rising protectionism and supply chain disruptions.

He cautioned that weaker demand in major export markets, high borrowing costs, climate vulnerability and the global energy crisis pose significant challenges.

Developing countries, he noted, face much higher financing costs and remain vulnerable to volatility in global financial markets.

Rahman said the government’s strategy focuses on stabilisation, reforms and economic transformation, while assuring investors and development partners that Bangladesh remains open for business.

Bida Executive Chairman Ashik Chowdhury said Bangladesh’s biggest achievement over the past year was restoring democratic accountability through a free and fair election, which had strengthened policy stability and investor confidence.

He outlined reforms to support an investment-led growth strategy aimed at creating more than 1 crore jobs, including reducing factory permit approval times to 14 days, expanding digital services and streamlining regulatory procedures.

Acknowledging energy and logistics constraints, he said Bangladesh would accelerate solar power projects, diversify energy sources and fast-track LNG infrastructure development.

He also announced plans to privatise or develop partnerships for around 20 underperforming state-owned enterprises.

“The biggest challenge is execution,” he said.

LGRD and Cooperatives Minister Mirza Fakhrul Islam Alamgir said the government is committed to building a self-reliant and resilient industrial economy in which every citizen could share in prosperity and dignity.

He described the proposed budget as a roadmap towards that goal and said small and informal businesses would be promoted as important drivers of growth.

NBR Chairman Md Abdur Rahman Khan said Bangladesh must raise domestic revenue to support economic transformation, but cautioned against tax policies that could undermine business growth and employment.

He said reforms are focused on lowering compliance costs, simplifying procedures and helping businesses expand. Exporters would receive broader bonded warehouse facilities, while automation is being expanded across tax administration.

More than 45 lakh taxpayers filed returns online last year, while more than 12 lakh users obtained licences and permits through the National Single Window platform, he said.

Among others, Shama Obaed Islam, state minister for foreign affairs; Humayun Kabir, foreign affairs adviser to the prime minister; Mahadi Amin, adviser to the prime minister; Jahrat Adib Chowdhury, member of parliament; Asad Alam Siam, foreign secretary; and M Masrur Reaz, chairman and chief executive officer of Policy Exchange Bangladesh, spoke in separate sessions.

Senior government leaders, diplomats, development partners and private sector representatives attended the event.

The benchmark index of the Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) closed slightly higher on Thursday as investors positioned themselves ahead of the national budget announcement, amid expectations of market-friendly measures and regulatory reforms.

The newly reconstituted Bangladesh Securities and Exchange Commission (BSEC) on Monday withdrew the floor price restrictions imposed on the two companies, marking the end of a controversial market intervention that had remained in place for nearly four years.Regional business directory

Finance Minister Amir Khosru Mahmud Chowdhury unveiled the FY2026-27 national budget in parliament on Thursday afternoon, with investors closely watching for initiatives aimed at revitalising the capital market and supporting broader economic growth.

Investor sentiment also received a boost as the newly reconstituted Bangladesh Securities and Exchange Commission (BSEC) recently lifted the floor price restrictions on Beximco and Islami Bank Bangladesh PLC, bringing an end to a controversial market intervention that had remained in place for nearly four years.

The DSEX, the benchmark index of the premier bourse, increased by 3.57 points, or 0.06 per cent, to close at 5,520.

The DS30 index, comprising leading blue-chip companies, decreased by 7.18 points to 2,072, while the DSES index, which tracks Shariah-based stocks, increased by 0.53 points to 1,114.

On Thursday, market participation improved, with turnover on the DSE rising to Tk 12.39 billion, compared with Tk 12.10 billion in the previous session.

Although Beximco shares hit the lower circuit breaker for a third straight session, Islami Bank rebounded sharply after two days of correction following the withdrawal of the floor price. Their impact on the broader market remained limited.Market trend analysis

Beximco was excluded from the benchmark index in the latest annual rebalancing, while around 88 per cent of Islami Bank's shares are held by sponsor-directors, reducing the stocks' influence on overall market movements.

Market operators said investors are increasingly hopeful that the reconstituted BSEC will prioritise transparency, strengthen corporate governance and restore confidence in the capital market. Repeated government assurances regarding stock market development have also encouraged investors to increase their exposure to equities.

Losers outnumbered Gainers on the DSE floor. Of the 391 issues traded, 157 closed higher, and 189 ended lower, while 45 remained unchanged.

The Chittagong Stock Exchange also ended higher, with its All Shares Price Index (CASPI) declining by 48.50 points to 15,196, while the Selective Categories Index (CSCX) declined by 45.6 points to 9,320.

The highest annual tax rebate on investments in listed securities will be reduced by one-fourth, or 25 per cent, to Tk 0.75 million if the draft Income Tax Act 2027 is approved by parliament.

Under the proposed act, the maximum eligible investment will be capped at Tk 7.5 million a year, with 10 per cent of that amount rebated.

At present, taxpayers are allowed to invest up to 20 per cent of their taxable income or Tk 6.67 million, whichever is lower, to enjoy tax rebates of as much as 15 per cent of investments made in eligible instruments.

The proposed act, however, raises the investable portion to 30 per cent of taxable income while lowering the rebate rate to 10 per cent.

For instance, an investor with a taxable income of Tk 25 million will be able to invest a maximum of Tk 7.5 million in listed securities to avail of a rebate worth Tk 0.75 million. If the taxable income is Tk 5 million, the eligible investment will be Tk 1.5 million - 30 per cent of the income - yielding a rebate of Tk 0.15 million. In other words, only investors with a taxable income of Tk 25 million or above can claim the maximum rebate of Tk 0.75 million by investing Tk 7.5 million in listed companies.

Separate investment ceilings apply for other instruments. Eligible investments in government securities will be capped at Tk 0.5 million, as will investments in mutual funds, while the ceiling for deposit schemes will be Tk 0.12 million.

Under this structure, an investor who has already put Tk 0.5 million into government securities can show a further Tk 7.0 million in listed companies to claim the highest rebate of Tk 0.75 million against aggregate eligible investments of Tk 7.5 million.

However, the proposed act stipulates that investors will not be entitled to a tax rebate if they encash instruments before maturity. A senior official of LankaBangla Securities said this provision may make investors prefer listed companies as a vehicle for claiming tax rebates.

The finance minister's budget for FY27 proposed adopting a digitalised and time-bound initial public offering (IPO) process, but stopped short of offering any new tax incentives to encourage fresh listings - a long-standing demand of market participants.Personal finance e-book

The country's stock market has seen no new listings for the past two years.

Ahead of the budget, stakeholders had submitted a range of fiscal and policy proposals designed to encourage corporate listings, attract investors and deepen market liquidity.

The Bangladesh Merchant Bankers Association (BMBA), for instance, recommended reducing the corporate tax rate for listed companies to 18 per cent and introducing a 15 per cent tax rate for newly listed firms during their first five years in the secondary market. The proposed budget, however, left unchanged the existing five-percentage-point tax gap between listed and non-listed companies.

The budget falls short of addressing a key stakeholder demand by not offering any tax incentives for new listings, said Sumit Podder, secretary general of the BMBA.

He added, however, that tax benefits alone are not sufficient to attract quality companies to the market. "Fair valuation mechanisms and supportive policy incentives remain crucial for attracting good companies to the stock market," said Mr Podder, who also serves as CEO of MTB Capital.

"Many profitable firms continue to stay away from the market due to concerns over pricing restrictions," he said, adding that firms with paid-up capital above Tk 5 billion, annual turnover over Tk 10 billion, or bank borrowings exceeding Tk 5 billion should be classified as "deemed-to-be listed."

Finance Minister Amir Khosru Mahmud Chowdhury proposed a number of measures viewed as broadly positive for the capital market, including tax reliefs, market reforms and sector-specific incentives expected to support corporate profitability, improve cash flows and encourage investment.Regional business directory

One significant shift in tax administration proposed in the budget is the transformation of tax deducted at source (TDS) from a minimum tax settlement mechanism into an advance tax system.

The move is expected to provide substantial relief to brokerage houses and other businesses that have long faced liquidity constraints due to non-refundable deductions at source.

According to BRAC EPL Stock Brokerage, brokerage firms had been trapped in a liquidity crunch under the previous regime, as taxes deducted at source were treated as final settlements, reducing working capital and limiting operational flexibility. The policy change is expected to benefit stockbrokers, merchant banks, asset management companies (AMCs), the Central Depository Bangladesh Limited (CDBL) and stock exchanges. Market participants believe the impact could become more pronounced over the medium term if new listings increase and secondary market turnover improves.

The minister also outlined a roadmap for introducing T+0 settlement in phases, a move expected to boost market efficiency and liquidity. The budget further proposes allowing foreign investors to repatriate profits and transfer proceeds from shares purchased through non-resident investor taka accounts within one working day.

Mr Chowdhury also proposed static and predictable corporate tax rates for the next five years through 2031, providing businesses with greater policy certainty.Business strategy consulting

Salim Afzal Shawon, head of research at BRAC EPL Stock Brokerage, said the overall budget framework is supportive of the capital market.

"Banks, telecom operators, pharmaceutical companies, ICT firms, fuel distributors, power companies, electronics manufacturers and automobile producers are likely to emerge as the biggest beneficiaries of the proposed measures.

A major relief for businesses also came through reductions in withholding tax (WHT) and advance income tax (AIT) on various business inputs and essential commodities," said Mr Shawon.

The telecommunications sector received a boost as the budget proposed reducing withholding tax on mobile network services to 10 per cent from 12 per cent and withdrawing withholding tax on revenue sharing and licence fees paid to the telecom regulator. "The measures are expected to improve earnings prospects for listed operators," Mr Shawon added.

The information and communications technology (ICT) sector stands to gain from the government's push for high-speed internet expansion, 5G rollout and a Tk 5 billion startup fund, with broadband and technology-related companies expected to benefit from increased digital infrastructure spending.Personal finance e-book

Healthcare and pharmaceutical companies emerged as another major winner. The budget prioritised the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) industry and medical device manufacturing while offering VAT and tax relief on selected healthcare products. Increased public spending on health is also expected to support sector growth.

Fuel distribution and power generation companies are expected to gain from reductions in withholding tax rates on fuel oil supply and electricity purchases, which will improve liquidity and operational cash flows.

The proposed budget further extended VAT exemptions until 2030 for local electronics and appliance manufacturers and maintained protective duties aimed at supporting domestic industries. Automobile and electric vehicle manufacturers also received support through the continuation of VAT benefits and a significant reduction in advance income tax on electric vehicles.

However, not all sectors fared equally well. The tobacco industry may face pressure as the government increased cigarette prices while maintaining high corporate tax rates and surcharges. The introduction of a Track and Trace system is also expected to strengthen tax compliance and curb illicit trade.

The steel sector could also come under pressure following an increase in specific VAT on mild steel products at the production stage, potentially raising costs for manufacturers.Market trend analysis

Textile and garment-related companies received mixed signals. While measures to simplify bond issuance are viewed positively, higher duties on certain synthetic fibre inputs may increase costs for some manufacturers.

The finance ministry has identified revenue shortfall as the biggest domestic risk to Bangladesh economy, warning that persistent revenue gaps could push government debt up by more than Tk12 lakh crore over the next three fiscal years to Tk33.78 lakh crore.

Although the debt is expected to remain within 39% of GDP due to an expanding economy, the ministry said the situation could still pose risks considering the tax-to-GDP ratio.

In its Medium-Term Macroeconomic Policy Statement, the ministry said if the current trend of revenue shortfalls continues, development spending could decline by around Tk96,000 crore by 2029. Private investment could also fall short by about Tk85,700 crore.

Published with the budget documents, the policy statement said the government plans to introduce short-term Islamic Treasury Bills next fiscal year alongside Sukuk bonds to lengthen debt maturity and reduce refinancing risks.

However, the report acknowledged that implementing the strategy would be challenging due to liquidity shortages in the financial sector. It also suggested attracting foreign investment into the domestic debt market to address the issue.

The government on Thursday announced a budget based on a revenue target of Tk6.95 lakh crore for the next fiscal year, a figure that has drawn scepticism among economists.

Centre for Policy Dialogue (CPD) distinguished fellow Debapriya Bhattacharya described the target as "unrealistic" in comments to The Business Standard.

CPD fellow Mustafizur Rahman said mobilising such a large volume of revenue within a single year would be extremely challenging.

He warned that if revenue collection falls short while public expenditure remains unchanged, pressure on both domestic and foreign borrowing would increase.

"In particular, higher external borrowing targets and repayment obligations could have adverse macroeconomic implications," added Mustafizur.

Finance Minister Amir Khosru Mahmud Chowdhury at a post-budget press briefing yesterday said that reforms would be introduced in the National Board of Revenue, including its restructuring, staffing with competent officials, and digitisation.

He added that corruption would be curbed and businesses, including shops and restaurants across the country, would be brought under the tax network to boost revenue collection.

Finance Secretary Khairuzzaman Mozumder said the government would gradually move away from bank borrowing, with a focus on increasing public investment, which is expected to generate higher revenue over time.

Govt borrowing could drag down growth to 6.45%

The Fiscal Risk Assessment Statement chapter of policy statement said that in the past five years, revenue has fallen short of targets by an average of 16%. The gap has been widening and if this trend continues, the budget deficit could rise to nearly 5% of GDP.

The most concerning issue is that the government may need to rely more on borrowing to cover the revenue shortfall, which could in turn squeeze credit flow to the private sector.

According to the Finance Division, this could reduce private investment by around Tk85,700 crore by 2029, dragging down economic growth to 6.45% instead of the projected 7.5%.

To mitigate these risks, the report recommends expanding the tax net, rationalising tax exemptions, digitising tax administration, and strengthening accountability.

It also flags global energy price volatility, high inflation, financial weaknesses in state-owned enterprises, and climate-related disasters as key risks for the economy through 2029.

The economy may be able to absorb these risks individually, the chapter said. However, a combination of shocks could place pressure on growth, budget deficit, and debt situation.

The government plans to maintain its policy of keeping the budget deficit within around 5% of GDP in an effort to avoid excessive borrowing and preserve macroeconomic stability.

However, depreciation of the taka against the US dollar and rising global interest rates could increase the real cost of external debt, said the assessment.

Debt scenario

According to official data, external debt principal repayments stood at $2.61 billion in FY25 and are projected to rise to $3.20 billion in FY26. The finance ministry forecasts that this will further increase to $4.28 billion by FY29.

The repayment burden is expected to rise sharply as grace periods on loans expire, maturities are reached, and the impact of currency depreciation accumulates.

At present, around 91% of Bangladesh's external debt is denominated in US dollars, Special Drawing Rights (SDR), and Japanese yen, with dollar- and SDR-based borrowing is 71%.

As a result, any depreciation of the taka against the dollar could significantly increase debt servicing costs. To address this risk, the finance ministry has indicated plans to explore hedging or exchange rate protection mechanisms in the future.

By 2029, 55.7% of total debt is projected to come from domestic sources, while 44.3% will be external. Although Bangladesh's public debt remains within IMF-recommended safe thresholds, the low tax-to-GDP ratio is increasingly straining repayment capacity, prompting concerns among economists over potential debt vulnerability.

Government projections show the net fiscal deficit reaching Tk3.20 lakh crore by FY29, while remaining within 3.5%-3.7% of GDP.

A significant portion of this financing will come from domestic sources. Net domestic financing stood at Tk1.35 lakh crore in FY25 and is expected to rise to Tk1.84 lakh crore by FY29, though it is projected to remain near 2% of GDP.

Meanwhile, net external financing is projected to increase from Tk55,600 crore to Tk1.36 lakh crore over the same period, while remaining broadly stable at around 1.6% of GDP.

Welcoming the proposed budget, the Federation of Bangladesh Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FBCCI) said it will help restore economic stability and boost investment and the private sector, as the government has prioritised improving the business environment and strengthening energy security.

In its reaction to the Tk 9.38 lakh crore budget, the FBCCI said the targets of 6.5 percent GDP growth and reducing inflation to 7.5 percent can be achieved if sustainable discipline is maintained in the economy.

However, it said achieving the revenue target of Tk 6.95 lakh crore, including Tk 6.04 lakh crore assigned to the National Board of Revenue (NBR), will be challenging due to current domestic and global economic conditions.

The apex trade body said reforms in the NBR are necessary to meet the revenue target while ensuring economic stability, better revenue management and a more investment-friendly environment that supports growth.

It also warned that heavy borrowing from the banking sector could reduce the flow of loans to the private sector, potentially affecting job creation.

The FBCCI added that the government should, as far as possible, rely on low-cost foreign funding to meet its expenditure needs.

It noted that the government will face challenges in raising funds to pay Tk 1.05 lakh crore in bank loan interest and Tk 22,500 crore in interest on foreign borrowing.

High inflation, a low tax-to-GDP ratio, a large volume of defaulted loans, pressure from external debt and an unstable geopolitical situation could also make budget implementation difficult.

To address these challenges, the FBCCI suggested prioritising the operationalisation of investment-friendly economic zones, diversifying exports and markets, developing human resources in the IT sector, reducing the cost of doing business, strengthening the capital market, and ensuring quality and accountability in implementing the Annual Development Programme.

The FBCCI said the government’s plan to sign trade agreements with major trading partners and introduce necessary customs rules is positive, as Bangladesh is set to graduate from the least developed countries (LDC) category to a developing nation in November this year.

It also welcomed the proposal for zero duty on imports for the renewable energy sector and the introduction of a Tk 60,000 crore stimulus package for the private sector.

The trade body said simplifying online VAT return submission, shifting to quarterly returns, enabling online income tax filing and payments, and introducing a national single window will help attract both domestic and foreign investment.

The FBCCI welcomed the proposal to set the corporate tax rate for five years, but said it would have been better if it could be reduced further to 2.5 percent.

It also appreciated treating source tax as advance income tax, but said the minimum tax should be reduced to 0.5 percent from 1 percent.

The trade body further welcomed the proposal to reduce source tax on imports of 60 essential commodities, including rice, wheat, potato, onion, garlic, salt, sugar and edible oil, from 5 percent to 4 percent.

Garment exporters have welcomed the proposed national budget for the fiscal year 2026-27, describing it as a balanced and reform-oriented roadmap aimed at strengthening macroeconomic stability, improving the business climate and supporting long-term economic transformation.

In its reaction to the proposed budgetary measures, the Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association (BGMEA) praised the finance minister for pursuing policy continuity and maintaining economic discipline amid persistent global uncertainties and domestic challenges.

BGMEA, the main trade body representing the country’s largest export earning sector, said proposed budget reflects a shift from a purely growth-driven strategy toward a broader development agenda that places greater emphasis on education, healthcare and social protection.

It said the government sets economic growth target of 6.5 percent for the next year and has outlined 10 strategic priorities, including investment-led employment generation, promotion of a production-oriented economy, deregulation, financial sector stability and energy security.

These priorities are expected to play an important role in supporting industrial expansion, export growth and Bangladesh’s smooth transition from least developed country status, said the BGMEA.

The proposal to maintain tax policy consistency for at least five years and gradually reduce reliance on statutory regulatory orders through the introduction of a risk-based audit system is expected to strengthen investor confidence and encourage fresh investment, it added.

BGMEA appreciated several measures aimed at improving revenue administration and reducing compliance burdens.

These include the introduction of an automated and faceless tax refund system, treatment of withholding tax as advance tax rather than minimum tax, and simplified tax procedures. Such reforms are likely to improve transparency and ease cash-flow pressures for businesses.

It said mandatory online-based single-window services, issuance of licenses within seven days and company registration within 48 hours are expected to reduce bureaucratic hurdles and lower the cost of doing business.

The association also welcomed initiatives to facilitate profit repatriation and expedite work permits for foreign professionals.

The trade body further welcomed the reduction of tax on recycled products from three percent to one percent and the continuation of duty exemptions on effluent treatment plant chemicals, measures that are expected to encourage environmentally responsible manufacturing.

It also urged the government to withdraw the proposed 5 percent import duty on polyester staple fibre, along with additional duties on PVC resin and PET resin, citing the growing export potential of man-made fibre-based garments.

SpaceX jumped 23% in its Nasdaq debut on Friday, as investors piled in to the world's largest ​IPO and bet on Elon Musk's sprawling empire spanning rockets, internet service and AI.

The stock was last trading at $166 a share after opening for trading at $150, making SpaceX ‌the sixth-largest US company, with a market value above $2 trillion.

The company's debut is widely viewed as a dress rehearsal for a new generation of mega-listings, with market participants watching for signals on investor appetite ahead of forthcoming IPOs for AI heavyweights Anthropic and OpenAI.

SpaceX's stock performance was being closely scrutinized in part because some bankers said the IPO market could face difficulties if SpaceX shares close below Thursday's pricing level of $135 a share.

The landmark listing cemented Musk's status as ​the first trillionaire ever - even though the firm posted a loss of nearly $5 billion last year and generated only a fraction of the revenue brought in by similarly valued tech ​giants.

"Elon deserves an extreme premium because of his track record and his vision for calling technology trends early," said Shaun Maguire, a Sequoia Capital partner ⁠who led the firm's investment in SpaceX. At the IPO price its $2 billion investment would be worth over $20 billion, a person familiar with the matter told Reuters.

SpaceX President Gwynne Shotwell and Chief ​Financial Officer Bret Johnsen rang the Nasdaq opening bell earlier on Friday.

World's largest IPO

The IPO is a culmination of Musk's long-held ambitions in space and technology, and has stood out for rewriting Wall Street's IPO ​playbook and drawing legions of retail investors into the market.

At $75 billion, the deal's proceeds were more than double those of Saudi Aramco's record-setting 2019 IPO.

The valuation could rise further should underwriters exercise their right to sell additional shares, a decision typically made within 30 days after the offering.

Although SpaceX may have to wait for entry into the S&P 500, its expected fast-track inclusion in the Nasdaq 100 will soon make it a major holding for passive funds ​and ETFs that track the index, creating a fresh source of demand for its shares.

"We have to go back 100 years to get comparable entrepreneurs. He's a visionary unlike others, and he executes ​extremely well," said Joel Shulman, CEO of ERShares, which manages an ETF that has an exposure to SpaceX.

It will take about a month before it gets added to that index under Nasdaq's new fast-entry rules, as ‌opposed to a ⁠typical wait of as much as a year.

Some analysts expect SpaceX's debut to trigger a reshuffling of investor portfolios, creating selling pressure on other technology heavyweights as funds rotate into the stock. On Friday, shares of other space firms and satellite companies declined sharply, reversing gains spurred by SpaceX's April IPO filing, with Planet Labs down 8% and EchoStar down 14%.

A $28.5 trillion market opportunity

For all the excitement surrounding the IPO, determining what SpaceX is actually worth remains a difficult valuation exercise.

SpaceX said its market opportunity spans $28.5 trillion, a figure it called the largest in human history. With its leading position in space - ​the firm says its operation is responsible for ​more than four-fifths of the mass launched into ⁠orbit over the past three years - and revenues from Starlink, some investors said it has a strong foundation upon which to build.

John Belton, portfolio manager at Gabelli Funds, said the best comparable to SpaceX is Musk's electric vehicle company Tesla, as each has an established business and "a moonshot opportunity on ​the other side."

"For Tesla, that's things like humanoid robotics and other future applications. For SpaceX, it's the AI business," he said.

With revenue of $18.7 ​billion in 2025, the company's ⁠market cap puts its price-to-revenue ratio at a lofty 94. Some analysts have already issued positive ratings on the company. Morningstar analysts this month said it is more fairly valued at around $780 billion, and CFRA on Friday started coverage with a sell rating.

"This is not a name you're buying based on fundamentals. For me, the analogy is Amazon. This was a company that changed the way we live," said Nancy Tengler, CEO ⁠and CIO ​of Laffer Tengler Investments. "If the stock drops to $100, that's not ideal, but it wouldn't change our long-term view. We want ​to participate."